当今世界经济缓慢复苏、发展分化，国际经济格局酝酿深刻调整，我国出现 外汇资产过剩、部分产业产能过剩、油气资源和矿产资源对国外的依存度高等问 题，面对国际国内新形势，我国政府提出共建“一带一路”战略，目的是实现全 球范围内经济要素的自由流动、生产资源的高效配置和各类市场的深度融合，推 动“一带一路”沿线国家和地区在更大范围、更高水平和更深层次开展合作。酒 泉钢铁集团有限责任公司（文中简称酒钢集团）是我国第五大电解铝生产商，总 产能达到 170 万吨/年，也是国内少数没有涉及氧化铝生产及铝土矿资源的大型 铝冶炼企业，因此尽早布局开发氧化铝项目及获取铝土矿资源，成为酒钢集团亟 需解决的问题。 2016 年，酒钢集团收购由俄罗斯联合铝业公司 100%控股的牙买加 Alpart 氧 化铝厂，开启了公司实施国际化经营的新篇章，与此同时，如何应对复杂多变的 国际政治经济环境和日益激烈的行业竞争，推动企业国际化经营行稳致远，成为 企业必须解决的现实问题。本文梳理总结了国内外有关企业国际化经营动因、国 际市场进入模式及区位选择、企业国际化战略的相关理论基础和研究现状，全面 回顾了酒钢集团铝板块初步探索国际化经营的历程，运用 PEST 分析、波特五力 模型、SWOT 模型等工具对企业提升国际化经营水平的内外部因素进行了系统分 析，根据 QSPM 分析矩阵选出企业国际化经营的最优策略建议，即：健全完善 国际化经营的治理结构，加快提升铝板块工艺技术水平，不断扩大国际化经营范 围领域，妥善化解各类风险。 本文归纳出矿产资源开发、生产、加工企业有关国际化经营策略的通用问题 和建议，比如在产业链布局上采用纵向一体化策略，在国际化布局和国际市场进 入方式上采用多元化策略，对相关企业实施国际化战略具有一定的借鉴意义。 关键词：酒钢集团，国际化经营，铝产业，国际产能合作MBA 学位论文 作者：宋明辉 酒钢集团铝板块国际化经营策略研究 INTERNATIONALIZATION OPERATION STRATEGY STUDY OF JISCO GROUP’SALUMINUM PLATE Abstract The world economy is slowly recovering, developing and dividing, and the international economic structure has been profoundly adjusted. China has problems of excess foreign exchange assets, overcapacity of some industries, and high dependence on oil and gas resources and mineral resources on foreign countries. In the face of new international and domestic situations, the Chinese government has proposed building a "one belt and one way" development strategy aimed at promoting orderly and free flow of economic elements and resources. Efficient allocation and deep integration of markets will promote regional cooperation in a wider, higher level and deeper level among countries along the route. Jiuquan Iron and Steel (Group) Co., Ltd. (Jisco group) is the fifth largest producer of electrolytic aluminium in China, with a total capacity of 1.7 million tons per year. It is also a small number of large-scale bauxite smelting enterprises in China that do not involve alumina production and bauxite resources. Therefore, it is an urgent problem for Jisco group to develop alumina projects and acquire bauxite resources as soon as possible. In 2016, Jisco group, which opened a new chapter for its international operation, acquired Jamaica Alpart Alumina Plant, 100% controlled by Russian United Aluminum Corporation. At the same time, how to deal with the complex international political and economic environment and the increasingly fierce industry competition, promote the development of business internationalization steadily, become the enterprise must solve practical problems. This paper summarizes the motivation of internationalization of enterprises at home and abroad, the mode of international market entry and location selection, the relevant theoretical basis and research status of internationalization strategy of enterprises, and comprehensively reviews the preliminary exploration of internationalization of Jisco group's aluminium plate. Using PEST analysis, Porter's Five Forces Model, SWOT model and other tools, thisMBA 学位论文 作者：宋明辉 酒钢集团铝板块国际化经营策略研究 paper systematically analyzed the internal and external factors of enterprises'upgrading the level of internationalization operation, and selected the best strategy suggestions for enterprises' internationalization operation according to QSPM analysis matrix, namely: To improve the governance structure of international operations, speed up the upgrading of the technological level of aluminium plates, expand the scope of international operations and properly resolve various risks. This paper induces the mineral resources development, production and processing enterprises in the international operation of strategic choice and implementation of some common problems and the suggestion, for relevant enterprises to carry out the strategy of internationalization has a certain reference significance. For example, vertical integration strategy is adopted in industrial chain layout, and diversification strategy is adopted in international layout and international market entry mode. Keywords:Jisco group, International operation, Aluminum industry, International cooperation capacityMBA 学位论文 作者：宋明辉 酒钢集团铝板块国际化经营策略研究 目录 摘要..............................................................................................................I Abstract.....................................................................................................II 第一章 绪论................................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景及意义............................................................................................1 1.1.1 研究背景..............................................................................................1 1.1.2 研究意义..............................................................................................2 1.2 研究内容与方法............................................................................................3 1.2.1 研究思路..............................................................................................3 1.2.2 研究内容..............................................................................................3 1.2.3 研究方法..............................................................................................4 1.3 论文框架设计................................................................................................4 第二章 企业国际化经营的理论研究基础...............................................5 2.1 国外研究综述................................................................................................5 2.1.1 企业国际化经营的动因研究..............................................................5 2.1.2 企业国际化战略相关研究..................................................................7 2.1.3 国际化经营区位选择研究..................................................................8 2.1.4 国际市场进入模式研究......................................................................9 2.2 国内研究综述..............................................................................................11 2.3 管理分析工具..............................................................................................13 2.3.1 PEST 分析模型...................................................................................13 2.3.2 波特五力分析模型............................................................................13 2.3.3 SWOT 分析模型...................................................................................14 第三章 酒钢集团铝板块国际化经营现状及存在的问题.....................15 3.1 酒钢集团基本情况......................................................................................15 3.2 酒钢集团铝板块基本情况..........................................................................15 3.3 酒钢集团铝板块国际化动因......................................................................16 3.3.1 提高全球范围内配置资源的能力....................................................16 3.3.2 对国内产业结构进行调整升级........................................................18 3.3.3 增强经济全球化下企业的核心竞争力............................................18 3.3.4 有效规避贸易壁垒............................................................................19MBA 学位论文 作者：宋明辉 酒钢集团铝板块国际化经营策略研究 3.4 酒钢集团铝板块国际化经营进程回顾......................................................20 3.4.1 收购 Alpart 氧化铝厂......................................................................20 3.4.2 项目运行及效益情况........................................................................21 3.5 酒钢集团铝板块国际化经营的现状..........................................................21 3.5.1 酒钢集团对海外板块缺乏科学合理的管控....................................21 3.5.2 生产组织模式不佳造成经营效益波动很大....................................22 3.5.3 公共关系存在潜在风险....................................................................22 3.5.4 国际化经营的空间有待进一步开拓................................................23 3.5.5 企业国际化经营管理水平有待提升................................................23 第四章 酒钢集团铝板块外部环境分析及行业竞争环境分析............ 24 4.1 全球宏观环境分析......................................................................................24 4.1.1 政治环境分析（P）..........................................................................24 4.1.2 经济环境分析（E）..........................................................................25 4.1.3 社会文化环境分析（S）..................................................................25 4.1.4 技术资源环境分析（T）..................................................................26 4.1.5 全球宏观环境小结............................................................................27 4.2 牙买加外部市场环境分析..........................................................................27 4.2.1 牙买加铝土矿资源丰富且政策宽松................................................27 4.2.2 牙买加营商环境较好........................................................................28 4.2.3 中北美地区市场机会较大................................................................29 4.3 波特五力模型分析市场竞争状况..............................................................30 4.3.1 行业内现有竞争者的竞争................................................................30 4.3.2 新进入者的威胁................................................................................31 4.3.3 替代品的威胁....................................................................................31 4.3.4 供应商的讨价还价能力....................................................................32 4.3.5 购买者的讨价还价能力....................................................................32 第五章 酒钢集团铝板块国际化经营策略研究.....................................34 5.1 酒钢集团铝板块 SWOT 分析........................................................................34 5.1.1 优势（S）..........................................................................................34 5.1.2 劣势（W）..........................................................................................35 5.1.3 机遇（O）..........................................................................................36 5.1.4 威胁（T）..........................................................................................37 5.1.5 SWOT 分析总结...................................................................................38 5.2 酒钢集团铝板块国际化经营相关借鉴......................................................38 5.2.1 美铝公司（Alcoa）..........................................................................39 5.2.2 力拓加铝集团（RioTinto Alcan）................................................40 5.2.3 俄铝联合公司（UC Ruasl）............................................................41 5.2.4 中国铝业股份有限公司....................................................................42 5.2.5 对酒钢集团的启示............................................................................42MBA 学位论文 作者：宋明辉 酒钢集团铝板块国际化经营策略研究 5.3 酒钢集团铝板块国际化经营策略选择......................................................43 第六章 国际化经营策略的实施.............................................................45 6.1 健全完善国际化经营的治理结构..............................................................45 6.1.1 优化组织结构，健全管控体系........................................................45 6.1.2 强化人才保障，落实激励措施........................................................45 6.2 加快推动铝板块向产业链中高端迈进......................................................46 6.2.1 实施生产线技术改造........................................................................46 6.2.2 实现产业链纵向一体化发展............................................................46 6.3 不断扩大国际化经营范围领域..................................................................47 6.3.1 积极同行业内龙头企业开展交流合作............................................47 6.3.2 实现国际布局多元化........................................................................47 6.4 妥善化解各类风险......................................................................................48 6.4.1 加强风险防范，形成长效机制........................................................48 6.4.2 推进海外资产上市降低财务风险....................................................48 6.4.3 履行社会责任，化解公共关系风险................................................48 第七章 总结与展望................................................................................. 50