随着我国经济的高速发展，城市化程度越来越高，大量人口涌入城市就业、定居。 这给城市的路面交通带来了巨大的压力，交通堵塞问题日趋严重。虽然为了改善中国城 市交通拥堵现状，多年来国家投巨资加快城市交通发展，但其发展步伐远远赶不上人口 和车辆猛增的需求。这使得道路供应与交通需求之间难以保持平衡，造成频繁的交通拥 堵现象。而城市的交通拥堵等问题将不可避免的带来出行困难、居民生活水平下降、交 通成本增加及环境污染等问题，进而影响城市形象，降低居民幸福感，造成很难挽回的 经济及社会损失。城市交通是支撑现代城市健康发展的基础，而以交通拥堵为特征的交 通问题不仅阻碍着城市的可持续发展，也给人们的日常工作与生活带来严重影响，已经 成为困扰世界各国城市发展的普遍问题。为了缓解城市路面压力，充分利用沿海沿江城 市水域空间，本文从发展水上出租车交通的角度寻求城市公交多样化。 本报告从广州市及珠三角河涌纵多的特性出发，研究人口居住、工业分布、人员出 行需求、陆上公路交通拥堵等因素，探讨在陆上交通难以满足人们日益多样的出行需求， 同时也正值广州市政府大力整治河涌，在此基础上，提出发展水上出租车的可行性，对 河涌整治提些整改意见。参照现在网约车的运用方式，紧跟科技发展潮流，迎合“互联 网+”的信息时代，构思水上出租车的运营网络和使用智能手机电召策略，以及与地铁 和公交驳接的方式。凭着个人的专业知识，初步设计出水上出租车小艇的主要尺寸、性 能和相关设备配置，并对未来动力的升级提了一些展望。参照陆上出租车和水巴，本文 设计了水上出租车的几种运营方式，并举实例来充分说明其省时的优势，最后运用了马 克思主义经济学的劳动价值理论，研究了一些运输经济学的成本定价方法，选取合适的 方法并参照陆上出租车的定价，初步设计了水上出租车的定价规则。 关键词，水上出租车，河流，小艇，分析，运营方式，定价II Abstract With the rapid development of China's economy, more and more urbanization, a large number of people into urban employment and settlement. This brings great pressure to the urban pavement traffic, the problem of traffic jam is more and more serious. Although in order to improve the status of urban traffic congestion in China, the country invested heavily to accelerate urban traffic, but its development pace is far from the demand of population and vehicles. This makes the balance between road supply and traffic demand, resulting in frequent traffic congestion. And the urban traffic jams and other problems will inevitably lead to travel difficulties, residents living standard decline, traffic cost and environmental pollution problems, and then affect the city image, reduce the well-being of residents, resulting in very difficult economic and social loss. Urban traffic is the foundation of modern urban healthy development, and the traffic problem characterized by traffic congestion not only hinder the sustainable development of the city, but also bring serious impact to people's daily work and life, has become a common problem in the world urban development. Considering the alleviation of urban pavement pressure, full use of the space of urban coastal rivers along the Yangtze river, this paper seeks the diversification of urban public transport from the perspective of development of water taxi traffic. From the characteristics of many more Guangzhou river and branch’s influences, this paper researches the factors of city population living, industrial distribution, personnel travel demand, land highway traffic congestion and so on, inquire into land transport is difficult to meet the increasingly diverse demand for people travel, in the same time the Guangzhou government are vigorously remediating rivers and branches, base on this, this paper put forward the development the feasibility of the water taxi and some rectification for remediation. According to the way of net car now, follow modern technology and “internet plus” , to design the water taxi network operators and the use of intelligent mobile phone call strategy, and pick the way with the subway and bus. I preliminary design water taxi boat of the main parameter, main dimensions, performance and equipment configuration, and give some future prospects for upgrading power. According to the land taxi and water bus, this paper designs a few operation mode for water taxi, and give an Illustrate to explain its advantages of time-saving, finally use Marx economics theory of labor value to research some transportation economics cost pricing method, selecting appropriate methods and reference land taxi’s pricing, preliminary design the water taxi pricing rules. Key words: water taxi, river, boat, analysis, business mode, setting priceIII 目 录 摘要 ....................................................................................................................................I Abstract............................................................................................................................... II 第一章 绪 论 .......................................................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景及意义 .........................................................................................................1 1.1.1 研究背景 ...............................................................................................................1 1.1.2 研究意义 ...............................................................................................................4 1.2 标题名词解析 .............................................................................................................4 1.3 国内外研究现状 .........................................................................................................5 1.3.1 国外研究现状 .......................................................................................................5 1.3.2 国内研究现状 ......................................................................................................7 1.4 研究方法及思路 .........................................................................................................9 1.4.1 研究思路 ...............................................................................................................9 1.4.2 研究方法 .............................................................................................................10 第二章 广州概况及水上出租车需求分析 ........................................................................11 2.1 社会经济的发展需求 ...............................................................................................11 2.2 城市交通发展趋势的需求 .......................................................................................12 2.3 广州及珠江口河流分布及分析 ................................................................................13 2.4 广州水上客运概况 ...................................................................................................16 2.5 广州常住人口分布及分析 .......................................................................................18 2.6 广州公共交通量现状 ...............................................................................................22 2.7 广州水上出租车需求分析 .......................................................................................23 2.7.1 跨江、点对点的时间优势 .................................................................................24 2.7.2 跨江、点对点的需求量预测 .............................................................................25 2.7.3 租船观光的需求量预测 .....................................................................................31 第三章 发展水上出租车的基础条件分析 ........................................................................32 3.1 广州水巴的优缺点 ...................................................................................................32 3.2 水上出租车的优势 ...................................................................................................33 3.3 广州河涌整治概况 ...................................................................................................35IV 3.4 桥梁和码头的完善设计 ...........................................................................................37 3.4.1 桥梁的改造 ........................................................................................................38 3.4.2 临时码头和上落客点的构建 .............................................................................40 3.5 驾驶员的培训和考试 ...............................................................................................42 3.6 游艇行业和制造能力概况 .......................................................................................42 第四章 水上出租车的开发设计 ........................................................................................45 4.1 水上出租车的属性 ...................................................................................................45 4.2 总布置图和主要参数 ................................................................................................45 4.3 船体设计 ..................................................................................................................48 4.4 轮机设计 ..................................................................................................................48 4.4.1 发动机型式 ........................................................................................................48 4.4.2 推进方式 ............................................................................................................48 4.4.3 压载系统 .............................................................................................................50 4.5 电气设计 ..................................................................................................................50 4.6 舾装设计 ...................................................................................................................50 4.6.1 内部装饰 ............................................................................................................50 4.6.2 外部装饰。 ..........................................................................................................50 4.6.3 窗的布置 .............................................................................................................51 4.6.4 行李装载 ............................................................................................................51 4.6.5 安全方面 .............................................................................................................51 4.7 建造厂家 ..................................................................................................................51 第五章 水上出租车的运营方式 ........................................................................................52 5.1 通过网络预约方式 ...................................................................................................52 5.2 站点等候方式 ...........................................................................................................53 5.2.1 深入居住区的河涌站点 .....................................................................................53 5.2.2 临水的码头站点 .................................................................................................53 5.2.3 热点交通枢纽站点 .............................................................................................54 5.3 摆渡方式 ..................................................................................................................56 5.4 随机巡航方式 ...........................................................................................................56 5.5 观光旅游方式 ...........................................................................................................57V 5.6 共享模式 ..................................................................................................................58 5.7 与其他交通接驳方式 ...............................................................................................59 5.8 共享单车的作用 .......................................................................................................60 5.9 实例分析 ..................................................................................................................61 第六章 水上出租车定价分析 ............................................................................................66 6.1 马克思主义经济学的运输成本 ................................................................................66 6.2 成本定价方法 ............................................................................................................66 6.3 运输成本导向定价法 ...............................................................................................68 6.4 成本、利润和运价的关系 .......................................................................................69 6.5 陆上出租车的成本费用 ...........................................................................................69 6.6 水上出租车的定价模式 ...........................................................................................71 第七章 水上安全控制和管理 ............................................................................................73 7.1 船舶性能满足标准 ...................................................................................................73 7.1.1 水上出租车的属性 .............................................................................................73 7.1.2 船体结构强度要求 .............................................................................................74 7.1.3 消防和救生能力 .................................................................................................74 7.2 安全运营管理 ............................................................................................................75 7.2.1 上落客过程的安全控制 ......................................................................................75 7.2.2 驾驶员的落水救援技能训练 .............................................................................75 7.2.3 应急救援系统 ....................................................................................................75 7.3 航道安全管理 ...........................................................................................................76 7.3.1 航道规划 ............................................................................................................76 7.3.2 系泊停靠地 .........................................................................................................77 结论和展望 .........................................................................................................................78 8.1 总结分析 ..................................................................................................................78 8.2 未来展望 ..................................................................................................................80