首页 > 资料专栏 > 地产 > 地产投资 > 房地产可行性研究 > 灾毁土地复垦潜力评价与可行性研究-以临川区灾毁地为例

灾毁土地复垦潜力评价与可行性研究-以临川区灾毁地为例

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2010 年 6 月抚州抚河唱凯堤段发生百年难遇的特大洪水。抚州市 6 月平均 降雨量达 565mm,强度大且频繁、范围广且集中,暴雨引发的洪水峰高量大,实 属罕见。2010 年是建国后抚州市典型的洪水年之一。受 6 月中下旬强降雨影响, 抚河中下游、支流的洪峰流量和历时洪量均为全月实测最大值。河流水位上涨迅 速,水库相继泄洪,临川辖区部分河流、河段洪峰超历史实测值,抚河流域唱凯 灵山何家段于 21 日下午六时许突然决堤。灾情发生后,抚州市政府立即启动 1 级防汛机制,第一时间实施抢险,唱凯堤决口顺利实现封堵,为灾区群众重建家 园作出了突出贡献。 根据记录,决口处洪峰出现时间在 12 时左右,峰后即溃堤。推算受淹面积 为 94.9km2,平均洪水深度 3.4m,致使堤后罗针镇、唱凯镇、罗湖镇和云山镇四 乡镇被淹,汪洋一片,大量房屋被淹,农田被毁,十余万群众被迫转移。 突如其来的洪水阻碍了灾区国民经济的增长,小康建设受到了极大程度的影 响。灾区情况好转后,重建工作进入实质阶段。大部分农用地遭破坏最重的乡村, 都需要被投入到土地复垦中。要发展农业就要先发展农村建设,同时还要满足耕 地数量。为了搞好受灾农村群众的灾后生活生产设施建设,引导建设小康道路, 需要开展大量的灾后土地复垦工作,重建社会主义新农村。在此基础上,研究灾 区灾后土地复垦显得格外重要。 当前耕地数量和质量都源源不断减少和降低,全球气候环境又开始恶化,进 行灾后土地复垦有十分重要的意义。针对我国土地复垦现状,大量学者已经着手 进行土地复垦相关问题的研究,特别是针对某一地区,结合当地所处的经济自然 环境等,提出适宜复垦的相关建议。本文从“6.21”特大洪水灾害的宏观背景 入手,在土地经济学、恢复生态学、土壤学等相关学科理论的基础上,认真分析 和总结了国内外灾后土地重建工作的研究结果,对灾毁土地待复垦情况进行调 查,并对研究区水毁土地进行复垦潜力评价,同时对土地的利用方向作出分析, 以土地资源合理配置和利用及可持续发展为目的,有针对性的提出适宜研究区农III 业发展需要的复垦对策。 本文的主要研究结果有: (1)阅读大量相关文献,结合专业理论知识,分析国内外的研究进程,总结研究 方法、制度建设等方面的差异; (2)通过土地待复垦调查,根据研究区灾毁地破坏情况选择潜力评价因子,指明 灾后土地复垦的紧要性; (3)参考国内外复垦现状,结合研究区自然、区域人文条件等,进行灾毁地潜力 评价研究; (4)通过本文潜力评价研究,取得土地潜力分级,并对土地复垦的实施提出有效 的建议。 关键词, 灾毁地;临川区;土地复垦潜力;复垦潜力评价IV THESIS,Disaster Land Reclamation Potential Evaluation And Feasibility Study-------A case in Linchuan District of Fuzhou City SPECIALIZATION: The land Resource Management POSTGRADUATE: MENTOR: Abstract June in 2010, Flood of fuhe River basin be Outbreak even in one hundred,in Fuzhou. It is rare for Flood peak Lead be which of Average rainfall in June 565mm of Fuzhou City Intensity and frequency, range wide and centrally. 2010 is one of the typical flood years in Fuzhou City after the founding. Peak flow and the flood had reached for the maximum of the Whole month, under the influence of strong rains in late June. Water level of the river be rising rapidly Reservoir be crashed one after the other. The flood of Parts of rivers in Linchuan District had reached the maximum in Past.Lingshan Hejia section of Changkai dam had bursted its banks,6:30 pm June 21th. After the disaster, Fuzhou city hall immediately start the 1 stage flood control mechanism, the first time the rescue, levee breaches the smooth realization of plugging, for people in the disaster areas rebuild their homes and made outstanding contributions. According to the records,peak in banks appears at about 12 o'clock, after the peak inrush.Calculation of flooded area of 94.9km2, Average flood depths 3.4m, Luozhen town,Luohu town,Changkai town and Yunshan town were all flooded, a large number of houses have been flooded and farmland were destroyed, more than 100,000 people were forced to transfer. Floods brought destruction blows to the disaster area, Socio-economic development had been suffered severe losses and the overall construction of well-off society had been influenced greatly. After the disaster under control, the disaster area into the post-disaster reconstruction stage. As the hardest hit rural areas, land resources suffered major damage, most of the rural land consolidation and reclamation is required.The rural development is base on the the development of agriculture. Agricultural development is the basis of cultivated land protection. In order to return to normal production and life of the people in the disaster areas, and strengthen and restore the healthy development of well-off society, devoting major efforts to develop of rural land consolidation and reclamation are important measures for Post-disaster reconstruction of socialism new countryside. Therefore, study of theV land reclamation of the affected areas is particularly important. Against the background of Reduction of cultivated lands and deterioration of the environment in China, land reclamation activities have important practical significance. For situation of land reclamation in China, A large number of scholars have started to study on the reclamation of land. Especially for a given area, according to the local natural and economic environment, make suggestions for suitable for reclamation. This article from the starting with macro-background of the 6. 21 flood disaster, based on the Land Economics, ecology, Soil science, careful analysis and summarization of domestic and foreign experience and lessons of the post-disaster reconstruction of land reclamation, survey the disaster area damaged land, analyze Potential of reclamation for local water damage, make pointed suitable for local land development and reclamation countermeasure ,for the purpose of rational use of soil and water conservation, land and sustainable development. The main conelusions of this dissertation areas follows: (1) Reading a lot of related literature, combined with professional theoretical knowledge, analysis of domestic and foreign research process, summarize the research method, system construction and other aspects of the differences; (2) Through the investigation of land to be reclaimed, according to the study area disaster damage to select potential evaluation factor, indicating the importance of land reclamation after disaster; (3) Refer to the domestic and foreign reclamation evaluation method, combining the study area natural situation, regional cultural conditions, the disaster destroyed potentiality evaluation; (4) Through the study on the evaluation of the potential, obtain land potential zoning of land reclamation, and puts forward some effective suggestions.VI 目 录 摘要........................................................................ II Abstract.................................................................... IV 图表目录.................................................................. VIII 1 绪论....................................................................... 1 1.1 研究的背景和意义..................................................... 1 1.1.1 研究的背景..................................................... 1 1.1.2 研究的意义..................................................... 1 1.2 研究的主要内容....................................................... 2 1.2.1 研究问题的提出................................................. 2 1.2.2 研究的方法..................................................... 2 1.2.3 技术路线....................................................... 4 1.3 研究涉及的相关理论................................................... 5 1.3.1 土地复垦及灾毁土地复垦概述..................................... 5 1.3.2 土地复垦潜力评价方法........................................... 5 1.3.3 可持续利用理论................................................. 6 1.3.4 地域分异理论................................................... 6 1.3.5 土地经济学理论................................................. 6 1.3.6 景观生态学理论................................................. 7 1.3.7 恢复生态学理论................................................. 7 1.4 国内外相关研究动向................................................... 7 1.4.1 国外研究动向................................................... 7 1.4.2 国内研究动向................................................... 8 2.研究区概况及灾毁土地现状分析.............................................. 11 2.1 研究区背景.......................................................... 11 2.1.1 研究区所在县(区)简况.......................................... 11 2.1.2 研究区概况.................................................... 11 2.2 受灾情况及土地利用现状分析.......................................... 13 2.2.1 受灾情况...................................................... 13 2.2.2 土地利用现状.................................................. 13 2.3 土地利用限制因素分析................................................ 14 2.4 水土资源平衡分析.................................................... 14 2.4.1 供水量分析 .................................................... 15 2.4.2 需水量预测.................................................... 15 2.4.3 水土资源供需平衡分析.......................................... 15 3.研究区灾毁土地复垦潜力综合评价............................................ 17 3.1 评价原则............................................................ 17 3.2 灾毁地待复垦土地潜力调查............................................ 17 3.2.1 调查的主要内容................................................ 19 3.2.2 调查的方法.................................................... 19 3.3 研究区损毁土地复垦潜力参评因子的筛选................................ 20 3.3.1 参评因子分级.................................................. 20 3.3.2 因子的量化标准化.............................................. 21 3.4 复垦潜力评价指标体系的建立.......................................... 23 3.5 用 AHP 法(层次分析法)确定各评价因子的权重 .......................... 24VII 3.5.1 构造判断矩阵.................................................. 25 3.5.2 层次单排序及一致性检验........................................ 26 3.5.3 本次研究中各矩阵特征权向量的确定.............................. 27 3.5.4 本次研究中各判断矩阵最大特征值及一致性检验.................... 27 3.6 土地复垦潜力分级.................................................... 28 3.7 研究区损毁土地复垦综合潜力计算...................................... 29 4 研究区灾毁地复垦潜力评价结果及可行性分析.................................. 31 4.1 评价结果分析........................................................ 31 4.2 评价结果可行性分析.................................................. 31 4.2.1 经济效益可行性分析............................................ 32 4.2.2 社会效益可行性分析............................................ 33 4.2.3 生态效益可行性分析............................................ 33 4.3 本章小结............................................................ 34 5.研究区灾毁土地复垦对策.................................................... 35 5.1 灾后新修水利要坚持开源节流的原则................................... 35 5.2 调整土地利用结构,实现耕地占补平衡................................. 35 5.3 强化灾后复垦的科学用地观........................................... 35 5.4 加大科技投入,积极开展灾毁复垦理论与方法研究....................... 35 5.5 加大扶助资金投入,调动灾区农民的耕地保护积极性..................... 36 5.6 突出耕地质量提高,加大灾毁地复垦力度............................... 36 5.7 强化宣传,提高公众复垦意识。....................................... 36 5.8 合理确定农用地治理标准............................................. 36 6. 结论与讨论............................................................... 37 6.1 结论................................................................ 37 6.2 讨论................................................................ 37