哈尔滨工业大学管理学硕士学位论文
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摘要
当今社会，知识经济作为一种新兴经济受到了更多的关注，科教兴国战略依然
是国家发展的首要战略，仔细观察，不难发现当今经济实力最强、经济发展最快的
国家，无不拥有办学水平高、科研实力强的高校。因此，在我国的社会主义建设中
高校的作用是不容忽视的
根据集体行动理论，集体行动中存在困境。通常，人们认为具有相同利益和目
的的个人所形成的团体更倾向于进一步扩大这种集体利益，即人们会为集体的共
同利益而努力，并获得自己想要的利益。但是，奥尔森所认为，人都是理性的“经
济人”，无论是在集体活动还是在个人活动中，每个人都在追求个人利益的最大化
另外，奥尔森集体行动的逻辑所面临的问题，显然也是人类社会中经常且时时存在
的多人囚徒困境博弈中众人的“合作选择”如何成为可能的问题
高校科研团队作为一个群体，也难以避免走入“集体行动的困境”的可能性。科
研团队要求成员之间知识共享，而真正能够将自己的想法、辛辛苦苦摸索出来的方
法与别人“共享”的现象很少见到。科研人员往往害怕被人动了自己的研究“奶酪”；
为防止别人赶超，有人向别的成员传递“假信息”，放“烟雾弹”，以迷惑同事；人人
自危，没有合作，必然工作效率低下，难以实现创新目标。诸多现象都表明，在高
校科研团队中存在“集体行动困境”问题，如何让科研团队成员彼此合作，走出“集
体行动困境”，是我们教育组织管理研究者所需要解决的一个问题
本文根据社会认知理论构建了知识共享氛围与科研绩效影响的理论模型，并
在以往研究的基础上总结出知识共享氛围的四维度：人际关系、信任、创新与勇气
和公平。分别探讨了知识共享氛围四维度对成员科研绩效的直接影响。将知识共享
行为作为知识共享氛围对科研绩效影响的中介变量，另外，本研究通过问卷调查收
集数据后，利用实证分析方法检验这一理论模型。研究结果表明，知识共享氛围各
维度对成员科研绩效均具有正向影响，知识共享行为分别在人际关系、创新与勇气、
信任和公平四维度中起部分中介作用。针对以上实证结果，本文从高校、团队和个
体三方面提出相关对策建议
关键词：高校科研团队；知识共享；组织氛围；科研绩效
哈尔滨工业大学管理学硕士学位论文
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Abstract
In today's society, knowledge economy as a new economy has attracted more
attention. The strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education is still
the first strategy of the country's development. Careful observation shows that the
countries with the strongest economic strength and the fastest economic development
today all have universities with high educational level and strong scientific research
strength. Colleges and universities have also been playing an important role in our
country's socialist construction.
According to the theory of collective action, there is a dilemma in collective action.
In general, people think that groups formed by individuals with the same interests have a
tendency to further expand the interests of such groups, that is, people will work hard for
the common interests of the collective and obtain benefits from them. However, as Olsen
thinks, everyone is a rationaleconomic man. Individuals have only one purpose not
only in individual activities but also in collective activities. That is, to continuously pursue
the maximization of personal interests. The problem facing Olsen's logic of collective
action is obviously also the problem of how to make thecooperative choice of all
people in the many-person prisoner's dilemma game that often exists in human society.
As a group, scientific research teams in colleges and universities are also unable to
avoid the possibility of entering the dilemma ofcollective action. Scientific research
teams require knowledge sharing among their members, but it is rarely seen that they can
trulyshare their own ideas and hard-earned methods with others. Researchers are often
afraid of being touched by their own researchcheese; In order to prevent others from
catching up, some people sendfalse information to other members and putsmoke
bombs to confuse colleagues. Since everyone is in danger and there is no cooperation, it
is inevitable that the work efficiency is low and it is difficult to realize the innovation goal.
Many phenomena show that there is a problem ofcollective action dilemma in the
scientific research teams of colleges and universities. How to let the members of the
scientific research teams cooperate with each other to get out of thecollective action
dilemma is a problem that we educational organization and management researchers
need to solve.
Based on the social cognition theory, this paper constructs a theoretical model of the
influence of knowledge sharing atmosphere and scientific research performance, and
summarizes the four dimensions of knowledge sharing atmosphere: interpersonal
relationship, trust, innovation, courage and fairness on the basis of previous studies. The
direct influence of four dimensions of knowledge sharing atmosphere on members'
scientific research performance was discussed respectively. Taking knowledge sharing
哈尔滨工业大学管理学硕士学位论文
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behavior as an intermediate variable of the influence of knowledge sharing atmosphere
on scientific research performance, in addition, this research uses empirical analysis
method to test this theoretical model after collecting data through questionnaire survey.
The research results show that each dimension of knowledge sharing atmosphere has a
positive influence on the scientific research performance of members. knowledge sharing
behavior has some mediating effects in interpersonal relationships, innovation and
courage, and trust respectively, but not in a fair atmosphere. Aiming at the above empirical
results, this paper puts forward relevant countermeasures and suggestions from three
aspects of universities, teams and individuals.
Keywords:Scientific research team in Colleges and Universities，Knowledge
sharing，Organization atmosphere ，Scientific resea rch performance
哈尔滨工业大学管理学硕士学位论文
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目 录
摘要 .... I
Abstract . II
第1章 绪论 ...... 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 ........... 1
1.1.1 研究背景与问题的提出 ..... 1
1.1.2 研究目的及意义 ..... 2
1.2 国内外研究现状及分析 ........... 3
1.2.1 高校科研团队的研究现状 . 3
1.2.2 知识共享氛围的研究现状 . 3
1.2.3 知识共享行为的研究现状 . 6
1.2.4 科研绩效的研究现状 ......... 7
1.2.5 知识共享氛围与知识共享行为关系的研究现状 . 7
1.2.6 知识共享行为与成员科研绩效关系的研究现状 . 8
1.2.7 知识共享氛围与成员科研绩效关系的研究现状 . 9
1.2.8 对国内外现有研究的评述 ........... 10
1.3 研究内容与研究方法 . 11
1.3.1 研究内容 ... 11
1.3.2 研究方法 ... 12
第2章 相关概念和理论基础 . 13
2.1 概念界定 ......... 15
2.1.1 高校科研团队的概念界定 ........... 15
2.1.2 知识共享氛围的概念界定 ........... 15
2.1.3 高校科研团队知识共享氛围的概念界定 ........... 16
2.1.4 知识共享行为的概念界定 ........... 16
2.1.5 科研绩效的概念界定 ....... 17
2.2 理论基础 ......... 13
2.2.1 团队理论 ... 13
2.2.2 组织氛围理论 ....... 13
2.2.3 社会认知理论 ....... 14
2.3 本章小结 ......... 17
第3章 理论模型的构建与研究假设的提出 .. 18。