I
摘要
在沿海地区的发展进程中，热带风暴灾害已成为重要的自然灾害之一，因为
爆发频繁、破坏力大、影响持久而成为沿海自然灾害防御的重点所在。在社会发
展进程中，因受环境影响，热带风暴的生成次数逐年增加，以深圳市为例，近几
年热带风暴己显现持续影响时间较长，连续生成时间间隔较短、风力和降雨量增
加的发展趋势。如何进行有效地灾害管理和预防机制建构成为重要研究内容之一
在本文的研究过程中，沿海城市热带风暴灾害防范系统运行机制优化成为研究的
重点所在
热带风暴灾害预防工作系统的运行机制理论性更强，往往为热带风暴的灾害
防范提供指引，在热带风暴预防系统运行机制的基础上构建有效工作机制、督察
工作机制、责任工作机制、测评工作机制、保障工作机制。最为重要的就是构建
预防系统运行工作机制，保证所搭建系统运行能效性，进而构建良性运行机制
因此，需要保证二者之间理论可行性，这样才能够在实施与运行过程中有效发挥
作用。 热带风暴灾害的预防系统运行工作机制属于专项性运行机制，所辖范围包
含了热带风暴、热带风暴产生暴雨、热带风暴引发的风暴潮等等，做好自然灾害
防范以及自然灾害应急处置。通过研究热带风暴的灾害预防系统运行工作机制，
根据实际情况，为深圳市热带风暴灾害防范系统的运行机制创新与探索提供理论
方面支持，对有效推动灾害防范系统的运行工作机制具有非常重要意义
通过对沿海城市热带风暴灾害预防系统运行机制研究，结合实际地形、布局、
人口密度等因素及历次防范抢险过程中所发现的问题，逐步理清机制运行的薄弱
环节，查漏补缺，对现有热带风暴灾害防范系统的运行机制进行补充完善。改善
现有组织框架、完善防灾应急预案、加强工程后续管理，做到科学防控、社会协
同，不断提高防灾减灾工作能力和应急处置管理水平，最大限度减轻热带风暴带
来的损失，减少次生灾害发生的可能
关键词：热带风暴灾害；灾害防范；问题与原因；优化途径
II
Abstract
In the development process of coastal areas, tropical storm disaster has become one
of the important natural disasters, because of frequent eruption, great destructive force
and lasting influence, which has become the focus of natural disaster defense in coastal
areas. In the process of social development, the number of tropical storms increased
year by year because of the environmental impact. Taking Shenzhen as an example, in
recent years, tropical storms have a long time, short continuous generation interval, and
the trend of increasing wind and rainfall. How to build effective disaster management
and prevention mechanism has become an important research content. In the research
process of this paper, the optimization of operational mechanism of tropical storm
disaster prevention system in coastal cities has become the focus of research.
Tropical storm disaster prevention system operating mechanism theory more often
provide guidelines for tropical storm disaster prevention, establish effective working
mechanism, supervision mechanism, responsibility mechanism, evaluation mechanism,
security mechanism based on tropical storm prevention system on the operation
mechanism. The most important thing is to build the operating mechanism of the
prevention system, to ensure the efficiency of the system, and to build a benign
operation mechanism. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the theoretical feasibility
between the two, so that it can play an effective role in the process of implementation
and operation. The operation mechanism of tropical storm disaster prevention system is
a special operation mechanism, which includes tropical storm, tropical storm rainstorm,
storm surge caused by tropical storm and so on. We should do well in natural disaster
prevention and natural disaster emergency disposal. Through the study of tropical storm
disaster prevention operation mechanism of the system, according to the actual situation,
to prevent the operation mechanism of innovation and exploration system to provide
theoretical support for tropical storm disaster in Shenzhen City, to promote the effective
operation of the working mechanism of the disaster prevention system has a very
important significance.
Through the research on the operation mechanism of the system for prevention of
tropical storm disasters in coastal city, combined with the actual terrain factors, layout,
population density and previous prevention in the process of rescue and found problems,
gradually sort out the weak links, mechanism of leak filled, the operating mechanism of
the existing tropical storm disaster prevention system complement. To improve the
existing organizational framework, improve disaster prevention and emergency plan,
strengthen the follow-up management of the project, to achieve scientific prevention
and control, social cooperation, and constantly improve the work ability of disaster
prevention and emergency management level, reduce the losses caused by the tropical
storm, reduce the occurrence of secondary disasters may.
III
Key words: tropical storm disaster; disaster prevention; problems and causes;
optimization approach
IV
目录
题目：沿海城市热带风暴灾害防范系统运行机制研究 ..... 1
—以深圳市为例1
摘要 .......... I
Abstract ..... II
第1章 绪论 ... 7
1.1 选题背景与意义 ...... 7
1.1.1 选题背景 ..... 7
1.1.2 研究意义 ..... 7
1.2 国内外研究现状 ...... 8
1.2.1 国内研究现状 .. 8
1.2.2 国外研究情况 .. 8
1.2.3 发展进程 .... 10
1.3 研究方法以及创新性 . 10
1.3.1 学术设想和有关思路 ....... 10
1.3.2 研究方法 .... 11
第二章 热带风暴预防理论概述 ........... 12
2.1 热带风暴的理论介绍 . 12
2.1.1 热带风暴概述 . 12
2.1.2 热带风暴灾害的特征 ....... 12
2.2 热带风暴防范系统运行机制理论概述 ........... 14
2.2.1 灾害管理理论 . 14
2.2.2 风险管理理论 . 15
2.2.3 应急管理理论 . 15
第三章我国热带风暴灾害防范与风险识别17
3.1 我国热带风暴防范体系的简况 ..... 17
3.1.1 气象行政主管部门的管理 ... 17。