2018 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. All rights reserved. Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein arethe author’s own and do not necessarily refect the views of Carnegie, its staf, or its trustees. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means withoutpermission in writing from the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Please direct inquiries to: Carnegie Endowment for International PeacePublications Department1779 Massachusetts Avenue NWWashington, D.C. 20036P: +1 202 483 7600F: +1 202 483 1840CarnegieEndowment Tis publication can be downloaded at no cost at CarnegieEndowment. CONTENTS About the Author v Acknowledgments vii List of Acronyms ix Executive Summary 1 Introduction 5 Grappling With New Capabilities and Concepts 7 The Impact on Strategic Stability: A Gap Between Self-Perceptions and Reality 13 The Survivability of China’s SSBNs and Strategic Stability 25 U.S. Anti-submarine Warfare and Its Impact 35 。。。。。。