Contents PwC 2 Blockchain: The next innovation to make our cities smarter 31. Preface ........5 2. Executive summary .6 3. Introduction 7 4. What is a blockchain ..........9 4.1. The blockchain advantage ......10 4.2. How does blockchain work ...12 4.3. Types of blockchains: Public and private ........13 4.4Essential prerequisites for a blockchain solution .........14 5. Transformative potential of blockchain technology 16 5.1. Enhancing smart city initiatives using the blockchain .22 6. Detailed use cases ..32 6.1. Birth and death registration ...32 6.2. Social benefts 35 6.3. Land registration management ...........37 6.4. Agriculture ....40 7. Way forward ..........46 Blockchain: The next innovation to make our cities smarter 3 PwC 4PwC 4 Foreword I am happy to share with you the FICCI- PwC report on ‘Blockchain:the next innovation to make our cities smarter’ to be released at theSmart Cities Summit organized by Federation of Indian Chambers ofCommerce and Industry. The Smart Cities Summit aims to deliberate upon the upcomingbusiness opportunities in the cities, challenges of project execution,adoption of innovative technologies and necessary policyinterventions for the Smart Cities Mission. The 100 Smart Cities Mission (SCM) is one of the key initiatives takenby the Government of India to change the urban ecosystem in India.With 90 cities already selected under the mission and about 2800SCM projects rolled out in the last 3 years, active engagement with therelevant stakeholders is very critical at this stage. To realize the objectives of SCM, cities are being planned in a way thatfosters clean environment, nestles smart infrastructure and facilitatesaccessibility for the vulnerable groups. Additionally, adopting newtechnologies remain central to the implementation of this keyinitiative as it addresses the key concern points in the area of watermanagement, energy saving, urban mobility, housing and accessibility.In view of the same, it becomes imperative to explore the possibility ofadopting dynamic and effcient technologies for making our cities smarter. The report provides a broad understanding of the current urbanchallenges being tackled through smart cities. The report highlightsone of the new technology breakthroughs—blockchain and analysesits transformative potential in making our cities smarter. Further,it explores multiple uses of the blockchain technology in the smartcity domain and explains the prerequisites for the adoption of ablockchain-based solution and the way forward. We hope you will fnd this report useful. Your suggestions andfeedback are welcome.Dr Sanjaya Baru Secretary GeneralFICCI 。。。。。。