2 Introduction: mobility as a service — the next transport disruption ...........3 What is mobility as a service ..........4 MaaS benefts customers and transport providers ..6 When is MaaS coming .......8 Opportunities for transport authorities .......10 Dialogue and teamwork are key .....12 Contents About the AuthorsMark Streeting is a Partner in L.E.K.’s Sydney office, Helen Chen is a Partner andManaging Director in L.E.K.’s Shanghai office, Yong Teng is a Principal in L.E.K.’sShanghai office, Emma Edgar is a Senior Manager in L.E.K.’s Melbourne office, JustinKoh is a Consultant in L.E.K.’s Shanghai office. To contact us, email lekchina@lek.About L.E.K. ConsultingL.E.K. Consulting is a global management consulting firm that uses deep industryexpertise and analytical rigour to help clients solve their most critical business problems.Founded more than 30 years ago, L.E.K. employs more than 1,000 professionals in21offices across the Americas, Asia-Pacific and Europe. L.E.K. advises and supportsglobal companies that are leaders in their industries — including the largest privateand public sector organisations, private equity firms and emerging entrepreneurialbusinesses. L.E.K. helps business leaders consistently make better decisions, deliverimproved business performance and create greater shareholder returns. For more information, go to lek. 3 Ride-sharing services like Uber and Didi are now a familiarproposition, especially for the young. They are transforming theway we think about mobility — particularly car use. Ride-sharing services also alter how we relate to the cities we livein and travel to, making new areas accessible while enhancing theopportunities these spaces offer for living, work and leisure. The concept of “mobility as a service” is, as yet, less familiar, butno less transformative. While today’s transport disruptors are mainly a few huge brandnames such as Uber, Lyft and Didi, there is the prospect of disruptioncoming to embrace the whole mobility ecosystem, uniting differenttransport modes and providers under a single platform. Mobility as a service (MaaS) brings together many transportbusinesses and the services they provide through apps that can dosuch things as providing a city-to-city journey with a single “oneclick” payment — even between countries. MaaS could potentiallycover a taxi or ride-share to the airport at one end of a trip, the airfare itself, a train to the hotel at the other end, and perhaps eventhe hotel booking.For consumers, MaaS will facilitate optimal mobility choicesbased on travel time, cost and other personal preferences such aspreferred departure time or a desire to make green choices (i.e.use active transport). For transport providers, it will make their products and servicesmore visible and accessible, opening larger markets and, if theyseize the opportunity, increasing revenue. Less often thought about, but as important, is the opportunityfor Governments to work with private transport providersto create or foster MaaS platforms that increase the use,productivity, and efficiency of public and private transport andassociated infrastructure by coordinating and integrating multipletransport modes.Introduction: Mobility as a service — the next transport disruption 4 What is mobility as a service Wider mobility environment Social environment Personal and lifestyleenvironment Hum anenv iron men t Phys icalenv iron me nt Da ta e nvi ron men t (pu sh +pullof da ta) Onli ne e nvir onm ent Customer decidesto travel Tra dit ion al Co nte mp ora ry Customer accessespublic transport Customer egresses tonal destination Customer travels 11 14 13 10 12 62 4 5 8 3 7 9 1 Connrms with friend over WeChat thebest way to travel to their house On day of departure,searches train timetable beforeleaving home Searches Baidu or Gaode mapsfor travel times and availablemodes Connrms ticket to be purchased on the day Friends invited to kid’s birthdayBBQ invite over WeChat Visits 12306 website to buyticket in advance but unable topre-purchaseConsiders which modeis easier for travel with a large birthday present Train is delayed — sends WeChat tofriend to let her know of late arrival Connrms which platformtrain departs Arrives at friend’s home Arrives at departing station Buys a ticket fortravel Checks calendaravailability Drives to station The way we use transport and the way it is provided areundergoing an evolution. Sparked by the rise of ride-sharing services and the advent ofelectric and, eventually, autonomous vehicles, the transportecosystem is becoming a complex web that brings transportservices and infrastructure together with mobile technology andbig data (Figure 1). Accordingly, planning and decision-makingprocesses related to public and private transport provisionneed to be more agile and take into account a wide rangeofconsiderations.It is no longer credible for mobility planning to be characterised asa single, linear process of decision-making, but rather as a complexinterrelated web of planning between the human, physical, onlineand data environments.Figure 1The web of mobility decision-making 。。。。。。