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美国防部_为美国纳税人提供共同防御承诺(英文)2018.10_20页

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Providing for the Common Defense A Promise Kept to the American TaxpayerSeptember 2018Weakness is the surest path to conflict, and unquestioned strength is the most certain means of defense.- President Donald Trump the secretary of defense September 26, 2018The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 enabled the Department of Defense (DoD) to continue rebuilding the U.S. military after years of destructive budget cuts. In a time of competing priorities, Congress demonstrated political courage to ensure America's sentinels remain the combat-credible military force we need to deter war and guarantee the President and our diplomats always negotiate from a position of strength. Congress did its part and we are grateful to the American taxpayers for their support. It is now DoD's duty to spend these funds responsibly. This report demonstrates how DoD has kept its promise that every decision we make is focused on lethality and affordability. The following pages highlight how our investments over the last 18 months directly support our 2018 National Defense Strategy's three lines of effort: Restoring readiness and building a more lethal force; Strengthening existing alliances while building new partnerships abroad; and Reforming and modernizing our Department for greater affordability, accountability, and performance. Going forward, stable funding rooted in a consistent, predictable budget process will be essential to fielding a force that can deter and if necessary, defeat any threat in this constantly changing world. I look forward to continuing our work with Congress to protect this great experiment in democracy and maintain the trust of the American people.James N. Mattis Secretary of DefenseREBUILDING THE MILITARYTABLE OF CONTENTS Defense Challenges....... 1 The 2018 National Defense Strategy ...... 2 Funding the National Defense Strategy 3 People: Adapting the Force ........ 4 Operations: Restoring Readiness ........ 5 Investments: Enhancing Lethality ........ 7 Strengthening Alliances as We Attract New Partners ..... 9 Business Reform to Support the Warfighter .. 11 Financial Statement Audit .......... 12 Protecting the Next Generation ... 13Providing for the Common Defense - A Promise Kept to the American TaxpayerDEFENSE CHALLENGES Primary Challenge: Great Power Competition CHINA is using influence operations to penetrate democratic societies in a whole-ofgovernment approach and is leveraging military modernization and predatory economics to coerce other countries in an effort to reorder the Indo-Pacific region and beyond to its advantage. China's militarization of disputed features in the South China Sea contributes to the intimidation and coercion of regional allies and partners, undermines the principles of a free and open Indo-Pacific, and is inconsistent with President Xi's 2015 Rose Garden pledges to President Obama.RUSSIAseeks veto authority over nations in their governmental, economic, and diplomatic decisions in order to shatter the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and change European and Middle East security and economic structures to its favor. Russia continues to use destabilizing activities as a security tool and subjugates democratic processes, as demonstrated by its occupation of territory seized following its invasion of Georgia in 2008 and its occupation of parts of Ukraine in 2014. In Syria, it supports the murderous Assad regime.Enduring Challenges NORTH KOREA DoD continues to ensure that the President and our diplomats negotiate from a position of strength with credible military options available to protect the U.S. and its interests. The U.S. works with allies and likeminded nations to enforce United Nations Security Council resolutions.STATE OF DEFENSE IN 2016 Five years of operating under destructive spending caps left DoD with a significant funding shortfall. This resulted in: The smallest military since 1940; Key munitions shortages; Aircraft and ships unable to deploy; Declining technological edge; and An urgent requirement to refresh our nuclear deterrent.IRANis the principal destabilizing force in the Middle East and is increasing its malign influence, using state-sponsored terrorist activities, a growing network of proxies, and its cyber, naval, and missile programs. Iran is aiding a humanitarian catastrophe in Yemen by supporting and arming the Houthis in their conflict against the internationally recognized government.VIOLENT EXTREMIST ORGANIZATIONScontinue to sow hatred, destroying peace and murdering innocents across the globe, particularly in regions with unstable political and economic structures. Terrorist acts committed by ISIS continue to pose a threat to the stability of the Middle East, despite the defeat of the physical caliphate in Syria and Iraq.1Providing for the Common Defense - A Promise Kept to the American TaxpayerTHE 2018 NATIONAL DEFENSE STRATEGY Consistent with President Trump's National Security Strategy, the first National Defense Strategy in a decade orchestrates DoD's response to a more complex security environment than any experienced in recent memory. The central challenge to American prosperity and security is the reemergence of long-term strategic competition by China and Russia. As directed in the National Defense Strategy, DoD is making urgent and significant change to expand the competitive space and rebuild America's military advantage. A more lethal, agile, and innovative Joint Force, together with a robust constellation of allies and partners and departmental reform, will sustain American influence and ensure favorable balances of power that safeguard American interests.DoD's Three Lines of EffortCHANGING COURSE IN 2018 BUILD A MORE LETHAL FORCE (PAGES 4-8)STRENGTHEN ALLIANCES AND ATTRACT NEW PARTNERS (PAGES 9-10)REFORM THE DEPARTMENT FOR GREATER PERFORMANCE AND AFFORDABILITY (PAGES 11-12)Recognizing the challenges facing the nation and DoD, Congress took the difficult step of reversing the 2016 trends and restoring funding to pre-spending cap levels with the 2018 and 2019 budgets, facilitating implementation of the National Defense Strategy. These budgets are driven by a strategy to reinforce all aspects of national power and preserve sustainable military advantages for the U.S. warfighter. DoD now has momentum, but needs stable funding to continue its efforts.Providing for the Common Defense - A Promise Kept to the American Taxpayer2FUNDING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE STRATEGY In 2018, the American people, through the President of the United States and Congress, provided $700 billion in national security funding, with $671 billion going to DoD to implement the 2018 National Defense Strategy. DoD is 15% of the Federal Budget; so for every thousand dollars paid in taxes, $150 goes to the Department for people, operations, and investments in new military equipment.WHERE DO YOUR TAX DOLLARS GO For every $1,000 in Federal taxes: Department of Defense .. $150 People ..... $50 Operations .......... $47 Investments ......... $53THE FISCAL YEAR 2018 DOD BUDGET Department of Defense .......... $671B People ........ $222B Operations . $212B Investments$237BYOUR TAXES AT WORK PEOPLEDEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SPENDING IS NEAR HISTORIC LOWS AS A SHARE OF BOTH THE FEDERAL BUDGET AND THE NATIONAL ECONOMY DoD's % of the Federal Budget*Active Duty Military 483,500 Army 327,900 Navy 186,000 Marine Corps 325,100 Air Force DoD Civilians 741,671 FY18 Enacted AmountsGuard/Reserve 343,500 Army National Guard (NG) 199,500 Army Reserve 59,000 Navy Reserve 38,500 USMC Reserve 106,600 Air NG 69,800 AF Reserve19572017All Other 48%DoD 52%DoD 15% All Other 85%CURRENT OPERATIONAL FORCE 58 Army Brigade Combat Teams (31 Active and 27 Guard/Reserve) 284 Navy Battle Force Ships 3 USMC Marine Expeditionary Forces 312 Air Force Operational Squadrons FY18 Enacted Amounts*DoD does not include funding for the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Source: OMB Historical Tables 5-2 & 5-4; U.S. Department of the Treasury FY 2019 Budget in Brief, Mandatory Funding Levels; and the Budget of the U.S. Government 1958DoD's Spending as a % of gross % of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) DoD Spending as aDomestic Product (GDP)* 12% 1953: Korea 11.3%INVESTMENTS 90 F-35 Fighter Jets 13 Battle Force Ships 24 F/A-18 Fighter Jets 100 H-60 Helicopters 2,637 Joint Light Tactical Vehicles 44,916 Joint Direct Attack Munitions 8,004 Guided Multiple Launch Rocket System 3 Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicles FY18 Enacted Amounts 6% 9% 1957 8.2%Past 1968: Vietnam 8.6%Projected1965 6.5% 1979, 4.5%1985 5.7% 2010 4.5% 2017 3.0% 1999 2.7% 2023 2.9%3%0%195319581963196819731978198319881993199820032008201320182023*DoD does not include funding for the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Sources: OMB Historical Table 1-2, Green Book Table 6-133Providing for the Common Defense - A Promise Kept to the American TaxpayerPEOPLE: ADAPTING THE FORCE U.S. service members and civilian employees are the bedrock of American military might, and are the Department's most important asset. Over 2.9 million people, whether in uniform or as civilian employees, serve in DoD carrying out the 2018 National Defense Strategy and increasing lethality and capabilities to operate in new threat domains. DoD is adding more than 20,000 Soldiers, Sailors, Airmen, and Marines to fill the Department's most critical skill gaps inherited from its years under the funding caps. DoD is also adapting its professional military education as an investment in strategic and warfighting excellence.Fully Operational Cyber Mission Force The over 6,200 Soldiers, Sailors, Airmen, Marines, and civilians of the Cyber Mission Force became fully operational in May 2018, under DoD's newest combatant command - U.S. Cyber Command. They now stand ready to defend the nation by blocking adversary activity, conducting military cyberspace operations in support of Combatant Commanders, and defending DoD's information network.Increasing Air Force Maintainers Increased funding allowed the Air Force to hire over 4,600 new aircraft maintainers, eliminating a critical shortfall. Furthermore, when combined with additional funding for operations, the Air Force increased readiness for major combat operations by approximately 15%.Hiring Shipyard Personnel The Navy has expanded efforts to hire and train public shipyard workers. Seven hundred skilled workers added to date will help ensure all scheduled ship maintenance periods are completed on time and ships are returned to the fleet ready for action.Expanding Army Warfighting Capabilities The Army continues to provide credible and capable strategic land power to the Combatant Commanders to prevent conflict, shape the environment, and win decisively. Despite a challenging recruiting environment, the Army is expanding key warfighter capabilities to support worldwide deployments in rocket artillery, air defense, cyber, and electronic warfare. Currently, the Army has over 180,000 Soldiers deployed in over 140 countries supporting 10 key contingency operations and several theater security cooperation activities.Providing for the Common Defense - A Promise Kept to the American Taxpayer4OPERATIONS: RESTORING READINESS As We Build a More Lethal Joint Force The surest way to prevent war is to be prepared to win. The Joint Force must be prepared to sustain favorable balances of power and deter aggression in key regions. Over the next several years, America is building a more lethal and ready force to effectively confront threats in multiple domains.Increasing Warfighter Training and Readiness Funding provided by Congress enabled a 17% increase in the number of exercises conducted over the past two years, which enhances America's ability to work with allies and partners to address shared security challenges. The Department implemented a Globally Integrated Exercise (GIE) initiative to address global risk and the arrangement of cohesive Joint Force actions in time, space, and purpose. The GIE program ensures the Joint Force, as part of a whole-of-government approach, is able to operate as an integrated global force with U.S. allies and partners.A LETHALStrengthening Collective Security in Europe DoD is enhancing cooperation in Europe through increased rotations of U.S. Forces and growth in exercises and training with allies to improve readiness and ensure preparedness to operate effectively together. For example, U.S. Army Europe conducted multinational exercises Saber Strike in June 2018, and Noble Partner in August 2018 to enhance interoperability with regional partners from more than 25 countries. Twenty-one thousand participants conducted training operations in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Georgia with more than 1,000 combat and support vehicles, and over 60 helicopters.Tailoring Forces Increased DoD resources accelerated the stand-up of Army Security Force Assistance Brigades (SFABs), which are specifically built to train, advise, assist, and enable foreign security forces. By assuming this mission, SFABs preserve the readiness of Brigade Combat Teams (BCTs), allowing BCTs to focus on their warfighting missions. The deployment of the first SFAB brought a tailored, more experienced force with a smaller footprint to accomplish this complex mission at reduced cost and impact to the Army. The Army plans to establish six SFABs; five in the Army and one in the Army National Guard.5Providing for the Common Defense - A Promise Kept to the American Taxpayer。。。。。。