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I
摘 要
小企业在我国的经济发展中扮演着非常重要的角色，据统计，小企业在工商注册的
数量占全国企业总数的比例超过九成，在全国GDP中的贡献率也超过了六成以上，为我
国提供了超过五成的税收收入，解决了四分之三的城镇人口的就业问题。然而，由于大
多数小企业都处于企业的初创或者逐步走向正轨的阶段，管理不甚规范，使得我国的小
企业的寿命不太长久，与此同时，小企业的财务数据不健全以及没有银行认可的抵质押
物等特点使得小企业贷款的风险也较大企业的大很多，这也导致了小企业一直处于融资
难、融资贵的困境，并一直困扰着小企业的发展壮大

本文以S联社的小企业贷款业务为基础，通过介绍S联社小企业贷款业务的流程、信
用等级评定指标、信用等级评定流程来呈现S联社小企业贷款业务现状，然后从S联社信
用等级评定指标构成、指标权重设置等方面，分析了S联社小企业客户信用等级评定存
在的问题，并指出存在这些问题的原因以及由此而导致的后果。为了完善S联社的信用
等级评定体系，本文遴选了S联社和F农商银行15位具有10年以上小企业贷款业务经验的
专家，通过面谈的形式，广泛征求了专家的意见，并结合实际情况最终选取了13个基础
类评价指标和5个调整类评价指标，通过运用层次分析法，将调整后的评价指标分成阶3
个层次结构，同时运用模糊综合评价法进行模糊综合评判确定各指标的权重，通过一致
性检验后，最终确定了S联社新的信用等级评价体系

本文通过实际案例的信用等级评价效果预测，验证了完善后的信用等级评定体系的
有效性。最后本文认为，S联社的小企业客户信用等级评定体系需要完善，同时还需要
加大科技投入，确保信用等级评价的客观性和准确性，而完善后的信用等级评定体系能
有效防范信用风险从而保障小企业贷款业务健康发展

关键词：小企业；信用评级；层次分析法；模糊综合评价法
II
Abstract
Small businesses in the development of our country's economy plays a very important
role, according to statistics, the number of small businesses in the industrial and commercial
registration accounted for more than ninety percent of the total number of national enterprises,
in the national GDP accounted for more than sixty percent, also provides China with more
than fifty percent of tax revenue, solves the problem of employment of the three-quarters of
the urban population However, since most small businesses are at the stage of start-up or right
gradually enterprises, management is not standard, makes the service life of small business in
China not too long, at the same time, the small business financial data and no bank approved
limits etc make the risk of small business loans also the big many large enterprises, it also led
to a small business has been at the difficulties of financing difficult financing expensive, and
still with the development of small businesses.
In this paper, based on the S association of small enterprise loan business, through the
introduction of the process of S association small enterprise loan business credit rating index
credit rating process to render the S association small business loan business situation, and
then from S yonhap news agency credit rating index constitute the index weight setting, etc.,
analyzed the S yonhap news agency problems of small business customer credit rating, and
points out the reasons of these problems, and thus lead to consequences In order to improve
the S association of credit rating system, this paper selected the S yonhap news agency and F
15 agri-businesses bank has 10 years experience in small enterprise loan business experts,
through interviews, solicit opinions from the experts, and connecting with the actual situation
is finally chosen 13 base class evaluation index, evaluation index and five adjust the class by
using the analytic hierarchy process (ahp), the evaluation index of adjusted can be divided
into order three hierarchies, and at the same time, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method
for fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to determine the weight of each index, and through the
consistency check, after finalized the new credit rating evaluation system S association news
agency.
In this article, through the actual case of credit rating evaluation effect prediction, verify
the validity of the credit rating system after at the end of the paper argues that S association of
small enterprises need to improve the customer credit rating system, at the same time also
need to increase investment in science and technology, to ensure the objectivity and accuracy
of the credit rating evaluation, and perfect after credit rating system can effectively prevent
credit risks so as to guarantee the healthy development of small business loan business.
Key words: Small enterprise; credit evaluation; Analytic Hierarchy Process; Fuzzy
Comprehensive Evaluation
III
目 录
摘 要 ....... I
Abstract . II
图表目录 ........... V
第一章 绪论 ...... 1
1.1 选题背景与研究意义 ..... 1
1.1.1 选题背景 ....... 1
1.1.2 研究意义 ....... 2
1.2 文献综述 . 2
1.2.1 国外文献综述 ........... 2
1.2.2 国内文献综述 ........... 4
1.3 研究方法和研究框架 ..... 5
1.3.1 研究方法 ....... 5
1.3.2 研究框架 ....... 6
第二章 S联社小企业客户信用等级评定现状 ........... 7
2.1 S联社简介 ........... 7
2.1.1 S联社发展历程及业务范围 . 7
2.1.2 S联社组织架构 ......... 7
2.2 S联社小企业贷款业务介绍 ....... 9
2.2.1 S联社小企业专营中心组织架构 ..... 9
2.2.2 S联社小企业贷款业务发展历程 ..... 9
2.2.3 S联社小企业贷款要求 ....... 10
2.2.4 S联社小企业贷款业务流程 ........... 11
2.3 小企业贷款业务信用风险成因 ........... 14
2.3.1 小企业贷款业务特征 ......... 14
2.3.2 信用风险产生原因 . 15
2.3.3 S联社小企业贷款质量 ....... 17
2.4 S联社小企业贷款信用评价指标 ......... 19
2.4.1 非财务指标 . 20