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TMT网络特征_双元创新与企业竞争优势的关系研究_MBA毕业论文DOC

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文本描述
摘要
创新活动在发达国家或发展中国家都占据重要地位,与整个国家的劳动就
业、经济产出等方面息息相关。近年来,我国企业创新活动活跃,仍存在一定局
限性,但通过对现实情况的观察发现,在各个领域仍存在一些发展势头良好的企
业。在相同政策与经济环境下,宄竟是何种因素促使不同企业产生差异化绩效表
现呢我国正处于经济转型期,经济与市场制度正逐渐趋于自由化与成熟化,所
以存在制度动荡与制度空洞的可能,在不稳定环境中,我国企业面对不断变化的
政治体制与法律体制,因此提供适当的网络战略,对于企业发展并维持竞争优势
很有必要。此外,管理者关系在中国的商业环境中无所不在,为高管提供社会关
系网络,赋予管理者寻求与给予优惠的社会交换责任,他们必须遵守关系规范,
通过恰当的关系行为,维护令人满意的关系状态。所以高管作为关系网络的局内
人,能享有网络提供的利益

根据上述现实问题,本研究基于高层梯队理论、社会网络理论、知识基础理
论与组织双元理论,构建TMT网络特征、双元创新与企业竞争优势的关系模型

本研宂模型旨在揭示不同类型的TMT网络特征(中心性、稀疏性与知识多样性)
对双元创新的影响,以及组织知识创造过程(知识交流与知识组合)在其中发挥
的中介作用;此外,分析不同模式的双元创新对企业竞争优势的影响,以及环境
动态性与组织结构有机性两个权变因素对其的调节作用

在收据收集方面,本研宂采用问卷调查方法,调研对象包括高科技行业与传
统行业的企业,被访者为总裁、总经理、投资总监(项目负责人)、营销总监、
首席运营官等高层管理团队成员,最终获得248份有效样本,样本企业来自于东
北地区(42.7%)、华北地区(22.2%)、东南沿海地区(27.0%)以及中部地区(8.1%)

采用因子分析、皮尔森相关分析与多元线性回归分析等统计检验方法,以检验本
研宄提出的理论假设,其中大部分假设检验得到了支持。数据结果显示,TMT
网络中心性、稀疏性与知识多样性正向影响探索式创新与利用式创新,而且组织
知识创造过程(知识交流与知识组合)在其中发挥了中介作用,具体来讲,TMT
I 网络特征正向影响组织知识创造过程,且组织知识创造过程正向影响探索式创新
与利用式创新。对于双元创新与企业竞争优势的关系研宄方面,部分检验结果得
出与初始理论假设相反的结论,具体来讲,双元创新对企业竞争优势具有显著的
影响,探索式创新、利用式创新与双元创新平衡关系对企业竞争优势具有显著的
积极作用,但双元创新组合关系对企业竞争优势具有显著的消极作用,与初始假
设相反;在权变因素方面,环境动态性正向调节双元创新组合关系与企业竞争优
势的关系,而组织结构有机性负向调节双元创新平衡关系与企业竞争优势的关
系,与初始理论假设相反,但正向调节双元创新组合关系与企业竞争优势的关系

本研究立足于当前创新管理与组织管理领域关注的热点研宄问题一一组织
双元性研宄,并以我国转型经济背景下的企业为研宄对象,结合社会网络理论研
宂,探讨我国商业环境中企业高层管理者的网络关系特征,对于企业的开放式创
新与竞争优势构建的影响及其作用路径,TMT网络特征代表企业外部资源获取与
内部资源整合的能力,有助于企业内部成员进行显性知识与隐性知识的交流与组
合活动,从而创造新知识要素或知识要素的新组合方式,进而促进企业的探索式
创新与利用式创新活动,此外,企业构建并维持竞争优势常受到其所在的内外部
环境的影响,所以受到环境动态性与组织结构有机性的调节作用。本研宄有助于
弥补社会网络、组织双元性、开放式创新相关研宄的不足,具有较高的理论创新
性,主要体现在以下四个方面:
第一,己有的企业高管团队在实现组织双元性的研宂,主要关注TMT特征
(人口统计特征等方面)、团队冲突与行为整合对于企业创新战略选择以及双元
性的影响,但是TMT社会网络关系研宂鲜有关注。在我国转型经济的背景下,
商圈中流行非正式关系是重要的社会资本,能提升关系所有者及其所在组织的绩
效,因此本文根据社会网络理论与高层梯队理论,采用TMT网络特征概念,关
注其对组织双元性的影响

第二,对于TMT网络特征的维度划分一致未有定论,而且己有TMT网络特
征研究主要探讨其外部社会网络,对TMT内部网络特征的研宄较少,所以本研
究基于外部桥梁式社会网络与内部联结式社会网络,将TMT网络特征分为外部
网络特征与内部网络特征

第三,现有的TMT网络特征与企业技术创新的关系研究,普遍认为二者之
II 间是直接作用关系。所以本研宄通过引入知识交流与知识组合作为中介变量,探
讨TMT网络特征对双元创新存在间接影响,企业获取、内化与培育知识,进行
探索式/利用式创新,整合社会网络理论与知识基础观,反映企业获得竞争优势
的动态过程

第四,本研宄结合我国转型经济环境的特征,构建双元创新对企业竞争优势
的影响模型,且探索式创新与利用式创新的收益取决于企业的外部与内部环境的
特征。外部环境影响市场接受度,进而影响创新的扩散,而内部特征决定企业能
否成功创造并实施探索式或利用式创新。本研宄结合权变理论与竞争优势来源的
外生论与内生论两个视角,引入环境动态性与组织结构有机型作为调节变量,探
讨不同内外部情境下,组织双元创新对于持续竞争优势的作用关系

关键词
TMT网络特征,知识创造,探索式创新,利用式创新,组织双元性,环境动
态性,组织结构有机性,竞争优势
111 Research on TMT Network Characteristics,Ambidextrous
Innovation and Competitive aAdvantage of Chinese Firms
Abstract
Innovation activities play an important role on labor employment and economic
output of either developed or developing countries. In recent years, there is an
increasing trend towards innovation activities of Chinese firms, but the achievement
is limited. Given that the observation on current situation, a large number of firms
perform excellent in every field. An interesting issue therefore is evoked in the same
policy and economy environment. Which factor does lead to performance differences
between every firm Additionally, economic transition can be seen in China, hence
economy and market institution tend to be unconstrained and developed. As a result,
institution instability and voids could take place in this situation. In unstable
environment that political and legal system keep changing, Chinese firms need
urgently to make network strategy in order to create competitive advantage. In
addition, managerial ties are widespread in Chinese business environment, which
refer to social duty of seeking and offering privilege. Managerial ties construct social
network of top managers who must abide by relationship rules, so that maintain
satisfactory relationship status can be maintained by proper relationship activities.
Top managers could take advantage of social networks as relationship networks
insiders.
According to discussion mentioned above, this dissertation proposes
relationship model of TMT network characteristics, ambidextrous innovation, and
firm competitive advantage based on four theories, including upper echelon theory;
social network theory, knowledge-based view; and organizational ambidexterity
theory. The purpose of the study is that it reveals the effect of three types of TMT
network characteristics(including centrality, sparsity, and knowledge diversity) in
ambidextrous innovation, and organizational knowledge creation process(including
knowledge exchange and knowledge combination) plays as a mediator. Furthermore,
IV it also analyses the effect of ambidextrous innovation on firm competitive advantage;
with the moderators of environmental dynamics and organizational structure
organic.
In the term of collecting data, the study uses questionnaire method. The
research objects include firms from high-tech industries and traditional industries.
We distribute questionnaires to CEOs, COOs, managing directors, investment
directors, marketing directors, and so on. We finally collect 248 samples, which are
from firms in northeast area(42.7%)/ north area(22.2%), southeast area(27.0%), and
middle area(8.1%). As to method of analysing data, we use factor analysis, Pearson
correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and et al. According to the
result, the majority of hypotheses are supported by data. As shown in the result, TMT
network characteristics affect positively to exploratory innovation and exploitative
innovation, and organizational knowledge creation process(knowledge exchange and
knowledge combination)play mediating role. Specifically, TMT network
characteristics affect positively to organizational knowledge creation process, which
affect positively to exploratory innovation and exploitative innovation. In the aspect
of relationship between ambidextrous innovation and firm competitive advantage,
part of hypotheses are supported by data, and part of hypotheses are opposite to
data. In particular, the effect of exploratory innovation, exploitative innovation, and
balanced dimension on firm competitive advantage are positive, while the one of
combined dimension is negative. With regard to contingency factors, environment
dynamics and organizational structure organic moderate positively the relationship
between combined dimension and competitive advantage. But organizational
structure organic moderates negatively the relationship between balanced
dimension and competitive advantage, which the analysing result is opposite to the
hypothesis.
The study focuses on organizational ambidexterity theory which is a central
issue of innovation management and organization management. Based on social
network theory, we study network ties characteristics of top managers of Chinese
firms and its acting path to open innovation, which in further contribute to create
v firm competitive advantage. Specifically, TMT network characteristics represent the
capability of acquiring external resources and integrating internal resources. And staff
can occupy knowledge exchange and knowledge combination, including explicit
knowledge and tacit knowledge, hence they create new knowledge or its new
combination forms. In this sense, exploratory innovation and exploitative innovation
could be more active. In addition, competitive advantage creation could be often
affected by external and internal environment, referring to environment dynamics
and organizational organic as moderators. Therefore, the study contributes to expand
social network theory, organizational ambidexterity theory, and open innovation
theory, which shows theoretical innovativeness in four ways as follow:
Firstly, in the study of TMT role on organizational ambidexterity, they focus
mainly on TMT characteristics(referring to demographic characteristics et al.), team
c
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