摘要
摘要
创业是社会经济发展的重要引擎,其对产业结构的升级调整以及社会就业岗
位的增加具有重要的推动与保障作用。新创企业作为最具活力的社会实体之一,
是创业的关键角色和中坚力量。因此通过推动新创企业的成长与发展,促进创业
与创新,推动国家供给侧改革,增加社会就业,己经成为中国“保增长、稳增长”
国家战略下的必然选择。我国政府和社会对创业高度支持,通过良好社会环境的
打造、优惠政策的推行、优质资金的引入等措施,促进企业的建立与成长。在政
府、社会以及产业界的支持下,中国的新创企业在近几年呈现出“井喷式”增长

2015年中国平均每天新增企业近1.2万家,2016年中国日均新增企业1.5万家

但是中国新创企业的存活率并不高,有49.7%的企业寿命不足5年,仅有17.7%
的企业寿命超过10年。因此,如何推动新创企业的持续成长,促进新创企业竞
争优势的提升,己成为我们迫切需要解决的重要现实问题

创业者,作为新创企业的创办者与管理者,对新创企业的生存与发展有重要
的作用,因为他们是新创企业战略的制定者和组织行为以及组织氛围的最主要引
导者。从创业者的角度,探索创业者如何影响新创企业的组织战略、行为以及绩
效己成为创业领域以及组织管理领域的一个重要研究课题。企业在初创阶段,面
临着众多的不确定性,如不明朗的行业发展前景、尚待开发的市场以及成熟强大
的竞争对手。在这一不确定环境下的创业过程中,不仅创业者的理性认知发挥重
要作用,非理性的情感因素也深刻影响创业过程。本文从认知和情感两个视角出
发,分析创业者对于新创企业绩效的影响机制。具体来说,本文探索创业者中庸
思维和创业激情对于新创企业的影响机制。中庸思维是受中国传统儒家文化影响
而形成的-种认知风格,是当代中国创业者中普遍存在的一种认知方式。创业激
情是创业者对于创业活动所持有的一种强烈且积极的情感,是创业成功的关键影
响因素

高阶梯队理论为这-问题的研究提供了有益的视角。高阶梯队理论指出,创
业者的个人特质(如,认知和情感)会通过影响组织战略或组织行为,进而影响组
织绩效;同时高阶梯队理论指出创业者对于组织影响作用的强度还取决于外界环
境因素,以及创业者(1身因素。;!外,心理学理论指出认识和情感是人类信息处
理以及决策过程中同时存在的两个系统,两者交5影响个人行为以及组织行为

W此,本文诖于高阶梯队理论并结合认知情感交&39;I视角,探索丫创业者M庸思维
以及创业激怡对j新创企业绩效的影响机制,并探索/」者交』!:作用对r新创企
业的影响

具体来说,本文坫r高阶梯队理论,从创业者汄知与情感两个视角出发,结
介关系、机会、组织创新、人力资本4社会资本、环境动态性等理论和观点,从
I
摘要
三个方面展幵研究:(1)探索创业者中庸思维对新创企业绩效的影响机理,并分析
组织关系网络的中介作用,以及环境动态性的调节作用;(2)探索创业者创业激情
对新创企业绩效的影响机理,探讨机会获取的中介作用,以及创业者先前行业经
验与社会资本的调节作用;(3)探索创业者创业激情与中庸思维交互作用对于组
织创新以及新创企业绩效的影响。通过这三项研宄,揭示创业者中庸思维与创业
激情对于新创企业影响的机制,并验证中庸思维与创业激情交互作用对新创企业
的影响机制

本文以新创企业为研究对象,通过问卷调查以及实证研究的方法,利用多元
回归进行数据分析以验证假设模型。本文得出的基本结论:(1)创业者中庸思维对
新创企业绩效具有正向影响,对组织关系网络有正向影响,且关系网络完全中介
创业者中庸思维与新创企业绩效之间的关系。创业者中庸思维与关系网络之间的
作用关系受到环境动态性的调节,技术动态性越高,创业者中庸思维更有利于建
立企业的关系网络;市场动态性越高,创业者中庸思维对新创企业关系网络的构
建与维护的作用越弱。0)创业者创业激情对新创企业绩效有正向影响,对机会获
取有正向影响,机会获取完全中介创业者创业激情与新创企业绩效之间的关系

当创业者没有先前行业经验时,创业者创业激情对机会获取影响显著,而当创业
者有先前行业经验时,这一影响作用不显著;当创业者社会资本越多时,创业者
创业激情与机会获取之间的关系越强。(3)创业者创业激情对组织创新及新创企
业绩效具有正向影响,组织创新中介创业者创业激情与新创企业绩效之间的关系

当创业者中庸思维越高,创业者创业激情与组织创新之间的关系越强;创业者创
业激情与新创企业绩效之间的关系也越强

本研究丰富了新创企业绩效影响因素的研究,拓展了组织战略研究领域关于
创业者影响组织行为与绩效的相关研宄;同时,丰富了中国情境下中国创业者认
知和情感对于组织战略、行为以及绩效的影响机制研究,拓展了认知和情感视角
下创业者对于新创企业的影响。本研究的结论为创业者如何通过培养中庸思维以
及创业激情来增加新创企业竞争力提供了指导,为政府促进新创企业绩效提供了
有效指导

关键词:中庸思维创业激情关系网络组织创新机会获取新创企业绩效
II Abstract
ABSTRACT
Entrepreneurship is an important driver for social and economic development,
because entrepreneurship can facilitate the upgrading of industry structure and help
increase jobs. New venture, as one of the active organizations in the economic system,
plays a vital role in entrepreneurship and innovation. Thus, Chinese government has
made entrepreneurship as a national strategy to promote the economic growth in China,
thus the Chinese government try their best to boost the survival and development of
new ventures, in order to increase entrepreneurship and innovation, accelerate the
supply-side reform, and increase employment. The government and society provide a
high level of support for entrepreneurship, such as establishing friendly entrepreneurial
environment, releasing supporting polices, bringing in funds and venture capital. With
the support of government, society and industry, there is a big growth spurt in new
ventures in China. According to the statistical data from China&39;s state administration
for industry and commerce, a daily average of 12,000 new ventures were setted up in
2015,and a daily average of 15,000 new ventures were setted up in 2016. However, the
survival rate of new ventures in China is low. About 49.7% of ventures exit the market
within 5 years since they were setted up, and only 17.7% of ventures can survive longer
than 10 years. Thus, promoting the continual survival and development of new venture,
and improving their competitive advantages has been an urgent practical problem that
need to be solve.
Entrepreneurs, as the founders and managers of new ventures, play an important
role in the survival and development of new venture, because they make development
strategy for new venture, and guide the organizational behavior and climate. Exploring
how entrepreneurs affect the survival and development of new ventures has been a hot
topic in the field of entrepreneurship and strategy management. New ventures face
many uncertainties, such as uncertainty of new industry, underexploited market, and
powerful competitors. Under uncertain environment, not only the rational cognition of
entrepreneurs affects the decision-making process, but also the irrational emotion
infuses the process. Thus, based on both cognition and emotion perspective, this paper
explores how entrepreneurs affect new venture performance. Zhong-yong thinking, as
a kind of cognitive style rooted in Chinese traditional Confucian cultures, is pervasive
in Chinese entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurial passion, as a kind of intensive emotions for
entrepreneurial activities, is a critical factor for entrepreneurial success. Thus.
ill Abstract
specifically, we explore how Zhong-yong thinking and entrepreneurial passion of
entrepreneurs affect new venture performance.
Upper echelon theory provides us a helpful theoretical frame for this question. The
theory points that the characteristics (e.g. cognition and emotion) of entrepreneurs can
affect organizational strategy and behaviors, and then affect organizational performance.
Moreover, the theory points that the strength of the effect of entrepreneurs on
organization depends on the external environment and the characteristics of the
entrepreneurs. In addition, cognition and emotion, as two information processing and
decision-making systems, interactively affect human behaviors and organizational
behaviors. Thus, based on upper echelon theory, and the perspective of the interaction
of cognition and emotion, this paper explores the underlying influence mechanism of
Zhong-yong thinking and entrepreneurial passion of entrepreneurs on new venture
performance, and explores how they interact to affect new venture performance.
Specifically, based on upper echelon theory, the perspective of the interaction of
cognition and emotion, the theories of guanxi, opportunity, innovation, human capital,
social capital and environment, this paper conducts three researches. (1) Entrepreneur&39;s
Zhong-yong thinking and new venture performance: the mediating role of guanxi and
the moderating role of environmental turbulence; (2) Entrepreneurial passion and new
venture performance: the mediating role of opportunity capture and the moderating role
of human capital and social capital; (3) The interaction of entrepreneurial passion and
Zhong-yong thinking on organizational innovation and new venture performance. By
conducting these researches, we uncover the influencing mechanism of Zhong-yong
thinking and entrepreneurial passion on new venture performance, and prove the
interaction between Zhong-yong thinking and entrepreneurial passion plays an
important role in the success of new venture.
New ventures are our sampl
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