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MBA硕士论文_ZS银行中小企业信贷的风险管理研究DOC

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文本描述
摘要摘要
近几年,社会普遍认为中小企业融资难,而这其中最大的一个表现就是中
小企业在银行融资困难,向银行贷款的门槛很高,造成这一现象有企业和银
行两方面的原因

我国中小企业是在改革开放的浪潮中迅速成长起来的,规模小、数量多、
分布零散,以长三角和珠三角地区居多。虽然中小企业大多只有几十个人的
规模,每年只有几千万的销售额,但是却积少成多的为国民经济增长做着贡
献。经过了几十年的风霜雪雨,我国中小企业明显成长了很多,但还是不够
成熟。中小企业与大型企业之间的差距也绝不仅限于规模差距,无论是经营
还是管理,中小企业的规范化和合理化程度仍旧遭人诟病。中小企业发展难
一直以来都是社会关注的问题。如果说制约中小企业发展的关键因素,80%的
人会将缺少资金放在第一位。资金短缺是中小企业规模化成长的最大难题,
因为缺少资金,中小企业的资金链断裂风险很高,因为资金流动不畅而早早
夭折的中小企业不在少数。中小企业希望通过银行贷款来满足发展的资金需
求,但是商业银行的不断“发难”让中小企业的融资之路愈加坎坷

商业银行认为中小企业贷款风险大,是因为中小企业确实存在一些固有
的弱势。注册资本少、可抵押资产少、流动资金少加上一些不规范的经营行
为让中小企业时时刻刻都面临破产的风险。有些中小企业虽然做的风生水起,
但是只要一个错误的决策就可能让之前所有的成绩化为乌有,中小企业一旦
陷入财务危机很难走出困境,同时也就意味着失去了偿债的能力。作为金融
服务机构,控制坏账风险是商业银行管理的首要任务,在绩效考核体系中占
据着很大的比重。由于前些年银行间的竞争和业务扩张需求,商业银行经历
了一段不计后果的快速发展阶段,导致坏账率直线上升,坏账风险已经成为
了银行无法承担之重。正是这样的压力让我国商业银行对贷款风险管理加倍
重视,对借款人,尤其是借款机构的资格审核才会越来严格。从商业银行的ZS 银行中小企业信贷的风险管理研究角度来说,要通过多个标准的判断来评价一个中小企业是否具备贷款资格,
比如通过信用等级的高低来判断中小企业贷款申请审核是否通过。单这一步
审核,很多中小企业就无法通过,所以经常会被银行拒绝贷款。甚至于部分
商业银行为了降低信贷风险,直接将中小企业列入“拒贷”的名单之中,以
致于一些偿债能力较好、信用级别较高的中小企业直接失去了贷款的资格,
最后导致中小企业贷款难成为了一个普遍的现象

ZS银行2013年以前将中小企业信贷业务作为重点业务来发展,但由于风
险控制不力等原因形成了大量坏账。问题出现后,ZS银行并没有从自身风险
管理找问题,而是将中小企业列入高风险群体行列,降低了中小企业信贷业
务规模的同时,提高了中小企业贷款申请的标准。实际上,部分信贷风险的
生成与银行自身内部风险管理漏洞有很大的关系,如果ZS银行能够进一步重
视内部信贷风险防控,加强信贷业务风险管理,,就不至于因噎废食,造成
银行与中小企业双输的局面。在这种背景下,本文从银行的角度出发提出提
高中小企业信贷风险管理的对策,希望在风险管理的护航之下,ZS银行能够
更好的为中小企业提供金融服务,既有利于ZS银行的业务发展,也有利于当
地中小企业融资

关键词:中小企业 信贷业务 商业银行 风险控制AbstractAbstract
In recent years, the community generally believe that small and medium
enterprises financing difficulties, and one of the biggest performance is the
difficulties of small and medium enterprises in the bank financing, bank loans to
the threshold is high, resulting in this phenomenon there are two reasons for
business and banking.
China&39;s small and medium enterprises in the wave of reform and opening up
the rapid growth of the scale, the number of scattered, scattered to the Yangtze
River Delta and the Pearl River Delta region. Although most of the small and
medium enterprises only dozens of individuals, only tens of millions of annual
sales, but the accumulation of more for the national economic growth contribute.
After several decades of wind and frost, China&39;s small and medium enterprises
have grown a lot, but still not mature enough. The gap between small and
medium-sized enterprises and large enterprises is not limited to the size of the gap,
whether it is business or management, small and medium-sized enterprise
standardization and rationalization is still criticized. The development of small and
medium-sized enterprises has always been a matter of social concern. If the key
factor restricting the development of small and medium enterprises, 80% of people
will be the lack of funds in the first place. Shortage of funds is the biggest problem
of small and medium-sized enterprises to grow in large scale, because the lack of
funds for small and medium-sized enterprises to break the risk of capital chain is
very high, because the poor flow of funds and early death of small and medium
enterprises are few. SMEs want to meet the development of financial needs
through bank loans, but the banks continue to launch so that the financing of
small and medium enterprises more and more bumpy road.
Banks believe that the risk of small and medium enterprises loans, because
SMEs do exist some inherent weakness. Less registered capital, less collateral
assets, less liquidity and some non-standard operating behavior so that SMEs areResearch on the Risk Management of Credit in Small and Medium - sized Enterprises in ZS Bankalways on the brink of bankruptcy. Some small and medium enterprises, although
the wind and water, but as long as a wrong decision may make all the results
before they come out, small and medium enterprises once caught in a financial
crisis is difficult to get out of the predicament, but also means that the ability to
lose debt The As a financial service organization, the risk of bad debts is the
primary task of bank management, occupying a large proportion in the
performance appraisal system. Due to the inter-bank competition and business
expansion needs in previous years, experienced a period of rapid growth of the
results, resulting in a straight rise in bad debt rate, bad debt risk has become a bank
can not afford the weight. It is this pressure that China&39;s commercial banks pay
more attention to the loan risk management, the borrower, especially the
borrowing structure of the qualification will become more stringent. From the
bank&39;s point of view, through a number of standard judgments to evaluate whether
a small and medium enterprises with loan qualifications, such as through the credit
rating to determine the level of SME loan application approval rate. Single step
review, many small and medium enterprises can not pass, so often the bank refused
to apply for loans. And even some banks in order to reduce the credit risk, directly
to the small and medium enterprises included in the refusal list, so that some
solvency is better, higher credit level of small and medium enterprises directly lost
the qualifications of loans, and finally small and medium enterprises Loans are a
common phenomenon.
ZS Bank will be SME credit business as a key business to develop before
2013, but due to poor risk control to form a large amount of bad debts. However,
ZS Bank did not find a problem from its own risk management, but the inclusion
of small and medium-sized enterprises in the ranks of high-risk groups, reducing
the SME credit business at the same time to improve the SME loan application
standards. In fact, some credit risk generation and the bank&39;s own internal risk
management loopholes have a great relationship, if the ZS Bank to internal credit
risk prevention and control to do the leak does not leak, do not have to choke food,
the development of small and medium enterprises credit business timid. In this
context, this paper puts forward the countermeasures to improve the credit risk
management of small and medium-sized enterprises from the bank&39;s point of view,
hoping that ZS Bank can better provide financial services for small andAbstractmedium-sized enterprises under the escort of risk management, which is beneficial
to ZS Business development, but also conducive to local SME
Keywords: The Small and Medium-sized Enterprises(SMEs);Credit Business;
Commercial Banks;Risk Control目 录目 录
1 绪论 . 1
1.1 研究背景及目的. 1
1.1.1 选题背景 ...... 1
1.1.2 研究目的 ...... 2
1.2 研究内容和方法. 3
1.2.1 研究内容 ...... 3
1.2.2 研究方法 ...... 4
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