摘要
环境污染、能源危机是人类当前面临的两项重大问题,它与人们的身体健康、
生产生活息息相关,随着工业发展和社会进步,人们的环保意识、节能意识越来
越强。我国新能源汽车产业便是在传统汽车行业遇到环保、节能等一系列瓶颈问
题的情况下逐步发展起来的。近年来,我国传统汽车企业逐渐向生产新能源汽车
转型,中小新能源汽车公司也如雨后春笋般涌出,这导致公司之间的竞争力越来
越强,特别是中小型新能源汽车公司的发展倍感艰难。随着生产链的持续拓展,
企业间的竞争也愈加激烈,从过去的单个企业已经拓展到供应链领域的竞争。[1]
站在企业层面来看,采购处于整个供应链的前部,对其管理体系实施优化,对推
动供应链整体管理水平的提升有着至关重要的作用,传统形式下的釆购领域管理
已经落后,应站在战略管理层面的高度实施釆购管理

本文围绕我国中小型新能源汽车企业为背景进行研宄,以ZJ新能源电动汽车
有限公司(以下简称ZJ公司)为研宄对象,重点在明确有关定义概念、梳理基本
理论,探宄企业当前状况、采购管理方面主要问题及根源剖析、制定相关优化措
施并进行评估、整体实施环境等领域,开展深入研宄。论文包含五部分,第一部
分是相关文献综述,重点阐述了国内国外关于采购方法、采购管理、采购管理优
化等学术观点及动态,重点阐述了中小企业层面采购管理的研宄现状。第二部分
主要是采购管理的基本定义和相关探究的理论支撑。这部分阐述了采购管理的相
关概念,并重点介绍了釆购模式理论、釆购成本控制理论。第三部分主要是结合
ZJ公司采购管理当前状况开展研宄。在实地问卷调研和访谈的基础上分析指出,
公司采购管理中存在供应商选择和管理不分类、采购成本控制存在短期买卖关系
不恰当、供应协同与流程管理存在协同低、采购信息管理存在一体化整合度低等
问题。第四部分为ZJ公司采购管理优化方案。这部分提出对ZJ公司采购管理进
行优化的思路、框架和内容,并对供应商的管理进行优化。第五部分主要是ZJ企
业采购管理方面优化计划的具体落实举措,主要包括对采购过程、供应商领域、
库存等方面的相关优化措施等;接着对采购管理优化方案的可行性保障进行了在
组织结构、技术、人员素质三个方面的分析。本文提出的基本观点是:企业如果
更好地破解采购管理层面突出问题,应结合实际,重点在供应商确定、提升采购
成本控制水平、强化供应领域协作和流程管控、构建信息体系等领域,通过走访
调研、发放调查问卷、与企业高层交流等方式找出问题存在的根本原因,对企业
I 提出优化方案及实施措施。本文的创新点为:站在中小型新能源电动汽车生产制
造商的视角去解决具体企业采购方面的不分类、协同低等问题,这在国内相关研
宄领域尚处于较新视角的研宄

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关键词:采购管理;新能源;成本控制;供应商
II Abstract
Environmental pollution and energy crisis are two major problems currently facing
by human beings, which is closely related to our health, and every lives, furthermore,
along with the development of industry and society,people are becoming more and
more conscious of environmental protection and energy efficiency. China&39;s new energy
automotive industry has been developing gradually ever since, while encountering a
series of bottlenecks in the cases like environmental protection, energy saving, etc. In
recent years, China&39;s traditional automobile enterprises have been undergoing gradual
transition to the production of new energy vehicles, hence some small and
medium-sized factories manufacturing energy-efficiency vehicles have sprouted up in
large numbers. Therefore, there have been more fierce competition especially amongst
small-sized companies. Production chains continuing expanding, the relationships
between enterprises have also been adjusted profoundly,from competition between
individual enterprises to races among supplying chains. In the view of enterprises,
purchasing what stands in front of the whole supply chain, has played a primary role in
the optimization of the management system, and in promotion of the overall supply
chain management. The procurement management under traditional circumstances have
been fallen behind, it is essential to apply procurement management policies
strategically.
This paper focuses on the study of ZJ new energy electric vehicles Co. Ltd.
(hereinafter referred to as ZJ company) against the backgrovmd of small and
medium-sized new energy automotive enterprises in China, The priorities are the
current status, the clarification of the definition, basic theories, the problems in
purchasing management, the analysis of the causes, the optimization plan and
assessment, and the implementation of the overall environment, etc. This paper consists
of five parts, the first part is the literature review, domestic and abroad, introducing
about the domestic and foreign literature about purchasing methods, purchasing
management, and the optimization of purchasing management, with a priority of the
investigation of the procurement management in small and medium sized enterprises.
The second part is the basic definition of procurement management and the theoretical
III support of related research. This section describes the concept of procurement
management, and focuses on the procurement model theory and procurement cost
control theory. The third part is to explore the situation of procurement management in
ZJ Company, pointing out, through questionnaire, that there is no classification of
supplier selection and management, an inappropriate relationship in short-term trading,
and there are problems such as low collaboration in supply collaboration and process
management, and low degree of integration in procurement information management.
The fourth part is the optimization scheme of purchasing management in ZJ Company,
putting forward the ideas, framework and content of ZJ Company&39;s procurement
management, and optimizing the suppliers management The fifth part is the concrete
implementing measures to optimize the procurement management plan of ZJ Company,
including the procurement process, suppliers, inventories, and other aspects of the
optimization measures; and then the analysis of the feasibility of purchasing
management optimization in three aspects, specifically, the organization structure, the
technology and the personnel quality.
The basic viewpoint of this dissertation is: if the company can better solve the
problems of purchasing management, it should be necessary to consider the realities,
with the focus on the determination of suppliers, improving the purchasing cost control,
enhancing the collaboration of supplying areas and process management, and
constructing the information system. And it should conducted through investigations,
questionnaires, and the communication with enterprise senior executives to find the root
cause the problems, and to put forward the optimization plan and implementation
measures. The innovation of this paper is: from the view point of the small and
medium-sized new energy electric vehicles manufacturers, it is to solve the specific
problems as non-classification of corporate purchasing and low coordination, which is
in the domestic research, still in the relatively new perspective.
Keywords: Procurement Management; New Energy; Cost Control; Supplier
IV 目录
m m i
Abstract Ill
第1章绪论1.1研宄背景与意义1.1.1研宄背景1.1.2研究意义1.2国内外研宄现状1.2.1国外研宄现状1.2.2国内研宄现状
6,
1.2.3文献述评1:3研宄内容与框架1.3.1 研究 _1.3.2研宄框架1.4研宄方法1.4.1实地调查法
12.
1.4.2问卷调查法1.4.3访谈法1.5研究创新与不足1.5.1研宄创新1.5.2研宄不足第2章相关概念界定与基础理论2:1相关概念界定2丄1采购管理的内涵2.1.2供应商管理的内涵2.1.3釆购库存管理的内涵2:2采购管理研宄的相关理论
21
2.2.1采购模式理论
21
2.2.2采购成本控制理论
23
V 2.3本章小结
25
第3章ZJ公司采购管理现状
27
3.1 ZJ公司基本情况概述
27
3.1.1 ZJ公司简介
27
3.1.2 ZJ公司的发展历程
28
3.1.3 ZJ公司的组织结构
28
3.2 ZJ公司采购管理现状分析
29
3.2.1 ZJ公司采购管理部门演进历程
29
3.2.2 ZJ公司采购管理的特征
30
3.2.3 ZJ公司采购部组织架构体系的现状
30
3.2.4 ZJ公司采购管理模式现状
31
3.2.5 ZJ公司采购管理流程现状
32
3.2.6 ZJ公司供应商选择现状
33
3.3 ZJ公司采购管理问卷设计与分析
34
3.3.1样本的确定
34
3.3.2问卷的设计
34
3.3.3问卷的回收与统计
35
3.3_4调查结果与分析
36
3.4 ZJ公司采购管理中存在的问题
37
3.4.1供应商选择和管理不分类问题
37
3.4.2采购成本控制存在短期买卖关系处理不恰当问题
38
3.4.3供应协同与流程管理存在协同低问题
39
3.4.4采购信息管理存在一体化整合度低问题
40
3.5 ZJ公司采购管理存在问题的原因
41
3.5.1完善的供应商管理体系没有形成
41
3.5.2零部件成本信息不明确
42
3.5.3采购需求数据更新不及时
43
3.54信息管理系统功能缺失
43
3.6本章小结
44
第4章ZJ公司采购管理优化方案
47
4.1采购管理优化思路
47
VI 4.2采购管理优化框架
47
4.3采购管理优化内容
48
4.3
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