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由于我国在经济结构、信用环境、国民素质、企业发展模式等方面有自身的
特殊性,国外小额贷款信贷风险管理理论体系不能完全适用于我国。除此之外,
小额贷款公司只能运用自有资金开展业务的运营模式,使信贷风险管理成为其经
营成败的关键。而贷后风险管理作为信贷管理工作的重中之重,成为保障小额贷
款公司盈利的最后一道屏障。由于受政策限制,小额贷款公司作为地方性金融组
织,在客户群体选择、经营范围、服务内容、市场环境等方面不同于银行类金融
机构。因此,需要结合自身发展特点,丰富完善适合于小额贷款公司的信贷风险
管理理论,特别是极易被忽略的贷后风险管理理论
本文首先学习总结了国内外专家学者关于信贷风险和贷后风险的研宄成果,
通过文献研究法得出贷后风险管理的重要性和必要性。其次,调研RS小额贷款公
司运营情况,通过统计分析业务数据和财务数据,查阅规章制度和信贷档案,与
监管部门、公司高管员工座谈等方式,采用数据分析法、统计归纳法和内外部人
员对比评价的方法,以定量和定性的分析方法,总结得出该公司贷后风险管理工
作中的问题和成因,包括制度执行不到位、缺乏内部监管、贷后考核指标设置偏
差、人员能力水平局限性和风控意识不强等。另外,结合RS小额贷款公司依靠
GT商贸集团开展商圈模式业务的特点,从完善制度、流程再造、权责调整、培养
人才的角度出发,提出修订贷后管理制度、改进贷后考核体系、完善薪资福利体
系、探索“信贷+公证”和“动产质押+保险”业务模式、加强风险文化建设等措
施。最后,模拟实施效果,构造实施效果评价流程,进行效果评价反馈,进一步
优化改进措施。本文从符合RS小额贷款公司管理能力和业务特点的情况出发,提
出可操作性、具体化、可借鉴性的措施,促进RS小额贷款公司贷后风险管理水平
的提升,寻求该公司生存和发展的可持续之路
关键字:小贷公司;贷后风险;管理改进;流程优化
I Abstract
Within a policy context where the public start businesses and innovation,
micro-credit companies are facing the new development opportunities and challenges
when advancing the inclusive financial system setup and reasonably guiding and
regulating the private financing channels. With the economic fluctuations caused by the
economic restructure and structural adjustment, micro-credit companies are not only
enjoying the ever-increasing financing demands from small and micro customers, but
also encountering the problems such as high-quality customers,reduction,
non-performing loans9 increase, and the upgrading difficulties in risk prevention and
control and so on.
Due to the Chinese own particularities in terms of economic structure, credit
environment, national quality and enterprises development modes and so on, the foreign
petty loan credit risk management theoretic system is not completely practicable in
China. In addition, the operation model that micro-credit companies can carry out the
loan business only by means of their own funds makes the credit risk management as
the key to their operation success. And the post-loan risk management, as the priority of
all work in the credit risk management, has become the last barrier to guarantee the
micro-credit companies to make profits. Restricted by policies and staying in a vague
position, the micro-credit companies, as one local financial organization, are different
from banking financial institutions in the aspects of customer group selection,business
scope, service items and market environments. Therefore, micro-credit companies
should combine with their own development characteristics, and enrich and
consummate the theories of the credit risk management specific for micro-credit
companies, especially the post-loan risk management theory, which is very easy to be
ignored.
First, this paper learns and summarizes the research achievements of experts and
scholars at home and abroad on credit risk and post-loan risk,and then works out the
importance and necessity of post-loan risk management by means of literature research
method. Secondly, after investigating the operation conditions of the RS micro-credit
company,through a statistics and analysis on the business data and financial datA
hi consulting the rules and regulations and credit archives, and talking with the supervision
departments and company executives employees, the author, employing the data
analysis method, statistical induction and comparative evaluation methods between
internal and external personnel, in the form of quantitative and qxialitative analyses, has
summarized the problems and causes existing in the RS9 post-loan risk management,
including improper system performance,lacking of internal supervision, biased
post.loan assessment indicators setting,limitations of personnel ability level and weak
risk control consciousness and so on. Besides, this article, also combining with the
particularity that the RS micro-credit company carries out the business circle pattern by
relying on GT Trade Group, proceeding from the system perfection, process
reengineering, rights and liabilities adjustments and personnel training, brings forward
the revise of post-loan management system, improvement of the post-loan evaluation
system,perfection of salary welfare system,exploration of the business models of
“
credit + notarization” and “chattel mortgage + insurance”,strengthening of risk
cultoe construction and other measures. Finally,it simulates the implementation effects,
builds the implementing performance evaluation process,makes effect evaluation
feedback, and further optimizes the improvement measures. Starting from the practical
situation of the company management ability and business features in the RS
micro-credit company,this article puts forward operable,reified and referential
measures to advance the improvement of post,Ioan risk management level of the RS
micro-credit company and realize its sustainable survival and development.
Key words: micro-credit company; post-loan risk; management improvement;
process optimization
IV !
#录
I:要….… I
Abstract
Ill
胃1漳绪论.1.1研宄目的及意义1.1.1 研宄 g 的1.1.2 研究意义1.2文献综述 2
1.2.1国外研宄现状1.2.2国内研宄现状1.2.3简要评述
:1.3研宄方法、思路和主要内容5
1.3.2研究思路和主要内容
.....5
1.4本文的创新点第2章相关概念界定与理论基础2.1概念界定2.1.1小额贷款的概念2.1.2小额贷款公司的概念2.1.3小额贷款公司的特点2.1.4小额贷款公司贷后风险管理2.2贷款风险管理理论2.2.1信贷风险管理理论2.2.2信息不对称理论2.2.3全面风险管理理论第3章RS小额贷款公司贷后风险管理现状3.1RS小额贷款公司基本情况3.1.1RS小额贷款公司的设立背景V 3.1.2RS小额贷款公司的组织架构.3.1.3RS小额贷款公司业务开展情况3.2RS小额贷款公司贷后风险管理现状3.2.1风控组织架构和流程3.2.2风控管理制度3.2.3贷后风险管理考核制度第4章RS小额贷款公司贷后风险管理问题及成因
21
4.1RS小额贷款公司贷后风险管理存在问题
23
4.1.1存在“重营销轻管理”思想
23
4.1.2考核体系导向偏差,贷后管理流于形式
24
4.1.3部门界定模糊,信息沟通成本大
25
4.1.4担保抵押执行难,法律诉讼程序繁琐
26
4.2RS小额贷款公司贷后风险管理问题的成因分析
27
4.2.1贷后管理缺乏专业化
27
4.2.2缺乏内部监督制约机制
29
4.2.3贷后信息不对称
29
4.2.4贷款五级分类不规范
:
30
4.2.5客户信用违约成本低
30
第5章RS小额贷款公司贷后风险管理改进方案
33
5.1明确贷后风险管理原则
33
5.1.1系统性原则
5.1.2动态性原则
33
5.1.3安全性原则
33
5.1.4职责明确原则
33
5.2加强贷后风险管理制度建设
34
5.2.1优化贷后风险管理考核体系
34
5.2.2完善风险补偿制度,优化五级分类制度
36
5.2.3完善业务管理体系,建立问责追究制度
38
5.2.4建立风险预警机制
40
5.3强化贷后风险管理执行力度
40
5.3.1落实贷后双线检查,维系客户资源
40
VI 5.3.2规范信贷档案,建立客户信息库
42
5.3.3重视贷后逾期清收
43
5.4创新贷后风险防范措施
43
5.4.1探索“信贷+公证”模式
43
5.4.2探索“动产质押+保险”模式
44
第6章RS小额贷款公司贷后风险管理改进的配套措施
47
6.1培养专业化人才队伍
47
6.1.1引金融专业人才,走校企共建之路
47
6.1.2加强在职员工培训,实现理论实践双提高
47
6.2优化绩效激励制度
48
6.2.1完善薪资福利体系
48
6.2.2建立人才激励机制
50
6.3借助IT技术建立风险预警平台
十50
6.3.1建立信贷打分卡系统,采用020交叉检验模式
50
6.3.2建立数据库风险预警平台
51
6.4培养企业风险管理文化
52
6.4.1树立全员风险管理意识
52
6.4.2强化风险管理约束力
52
6.4.3提高员工思想道德水平
52
第7章RS小额贷款公司贷后风险管理改进方案效果评价
53
7.1改进方案实施效果对比分析
53
7.2改进方案实施效果评价
53
7.2.1贷后管理组织评价
54
7.2.2贷后管理行为评价
54
7.3评价过程与反馈
54
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