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不同于西方依赖组织间的系统性信任和承诺来管理关系,在我国更依赖于
“关系一一基于中国文化特色的关系管理策略。“关系”强调对企业
高管以及边界人员的私人关系的利用。大量研究表明“关系”在中国商业活动中
发挥着关键作用。然而,第三方物流文献中对“关系”却鲜有研宂。因此,本文
研宄“关系”在第三方物流企业与其主要客户关系管理中的作用。具体地,首先
研宄高交易成本压力(表现为环境不确定性和专用资产投资)是否会积极影响第
三方物流企业发展和利用与主要客户的“关系”来降低成本,以检验“关系”作
为一种降低交易成本的战略工具在第三方物流业中的适用性;其次,研宄“关系”
对第三方物流企业绩效的影响,以检验“关系”在第三方物流业中的有效性。特
.
别地,本文还研究了第三方物流企业与其主要客户的地位不对等(表现为不同的
依赖程度)对“关系”的适用性的影响
基于对281家第三方物流企业的问卷调查数据的实证分析,本文发现环境不
确定性和专用资产投资均会积极影响第三方物流企业发展和利用与其主要客户
的“关系”,并且“关系”对运营绩效有显著的正向影响。此外,第三方物流企
业对其主要客户的依赖也会积极影响他们发展与主要客户的“关系”,特别地,
依赖会减弱专用资产投资对“关系”的影响。本文的发现一方面检验了“关系”
在第三方物流与其客户关系管理中的作用,丰富了第三方物流的相关研究;另一
方面验证了“关系”的三个前置因素一一环境不确定性、专用资产投资和依赖,
丰富了 “关系”的理论文献。此外,本文的发现也具有重要的管理启示,第三方
物流企业在特定的环境下,可以合理地发展和利用与主要客户的“关系”来应对
风险、降低成本、提升绩效
关键词:第三方物流环境不确定性资产专用性依赖“关系”运营绩效
I Abstract
ABSTRACT
With the increasing competition in the market, more and more enterprises have
outsourced their logistics business in order to focus on their core competitiveness, so
the third party logistics get rapid development. However, the third party logistics
industry is still in the development stage in China, both the service capacity and
operational efficiency have to be improved. In particular, the logistics costs in China
remain high. Therefore, it is essential to improve efficiency and reduce costs for
China&39;s third party logistics industry to develop healthy. Third party logistics
providers not only need to reduce operating costs, but also need to reduce the logistics
transaction costs. Some research shows that effective transaction relationship
management is an important way to reduce transaction costs, therefore, China&39;s third
party logistics providers need to manage the relationship with customers to reduce
costs.
Western countries rely on the systematic trust and commitment of the
organization to manage the relationship, but in China the organization always rely on
&39;&39;
Guanxi&39;&39; to manage the relationship, &39;&39;Guanxf&39; is a management strategy based on the
characteristics of Chinese culture. &39;&39;Guanxi&39;1 emphasizes the use of private relations
between corporate executives and border personnel. A large number of studies have
shown that Guawcf&39; plays a key role in China&39;s commercial activities and is an
important source of competitive advantage. However, the literature of third party
logistics is rarely related io&39;&39;Guanxiy\ Therefore, this paper studies the role of
&39;&39;
Guanxf&39; in the relationship management of third party logistics. Specifically, this
paper firstly study if high transaction costs (manifested as environmental uncertainty
and investment in specific assets) is to drive third party logistics providers to develop
and \xst&39;&39;Gucinxf% with their key customers to reduce costs, to examine the
applicability of&39;Gucmxi&39;&39; in the third party logistics industry; Secondly, this paper
studies the effect of &39;&39;Guanxi&39;&39; on the performance of third party logistics providers to
test the validity of uGuanxi&39;&39; in the third party logistics industry. In addition, this paper
also studies the influence of the third party logistics providers and their major
customers&39; unequal status (expressed as different degrees of dependence) on the
applicability of&39;&39;Guanxi&39;\
Based on the empirical analysis of the questionnaire survey data of 281 third
II Abstract
party logistics providers (including the reliability and validity analysis of scale, and
the hypothesis test by regression analysis), this paper finds two major factors that
affect the transaction cost (environmental uncertainty and special asset investment)
will drive third party logistics providers to develop and use &39;&39;Guami,}with their major
customers, andMGwaTO/has a significant positive effect on the operational
performance. In addition, the dependence of third party logistics providers on their
major customers will drive the development of&39;GuawcV\ and in particular,
dependence will diminish the effect of special asset investment on }&39;Guanxf\ The
findings of this paper verify the role of &39;&39;Guanxi&39;&39; in the relationship management of
third party logistics, enrich the research of third party logistics; on the other hand, this
paper verily three preconditions of &39;&39;Guanxf\ including of environmental uncertainty,
special assets investment and dependence, enrich the relevant literature of &39;’GwaW,
In addition, the findings of this paper also have important management implications,
third party logistics providers can develop and use &39;%Guawciu with their main
customers in some specific situations to deal with risks, reduce costs, and enhance
operation performance.
Key Words: third party logistics, environmental uncertainty, asset specificity,
dependence, uGuanxi&39;\ operation performance
III
目录
目录
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ABSTRACT II
# M IV
第1章绪论1.1 研宂背景l.i.i现实背景1.1.2理论背景1.2研宂问题的提出1.3研究意义1.3. 1 理论意义1.3. 2 实践意义1.4 研究内容1.5 研究方法1.5.1 文献研宄1.5.2 问卷调查研宄1.6研宄流程与结构1.6.1 研究流程1.6. 2研究结构第2章文献回顾2.1 理论基础2. 1.1 交易成本理论2. 1.2 资源依赖理论2. 1.3权变管理理论2. 2 第三方物流2.2.1第三方物流的发展历程IV 目录
2. 2. 2第三方物流的定义2.3 “关系”2.3.1 “关系”的概念2.3.2 “关系”与关系交易的区别2.3.3 “关系”前因变量的研究述评2. 3.4 “关系”与企业绩效的研究述评2. 3. 5物流与供应链背景下的“关系”研宄述评2.4 运营绩效2.4.1 运营绩效的定义2.4.2运营绩效的表现形式第3章研究模型与假设3.1研宄模型3.2研究假设3.2.1环境不确定性与“关系”3.2.2 资产专用性与“关系”3. 2. 3 依赖与“关系”3. 2. 4 依赖的调节作用3.2.5 “关系”与运营绩效
;第4章问卷设计与研宂方法
21
4.1样本与数据收集
21
4.2 问卷设计与测量量表
22
4. 3量表的信度和效度检验
23
4.4假设检验与结果
25
第5章研宄结果讨论
28
5.1环境不确定性对“关系”的影响
28
5.2资产专用性对“关系”的影响
28
5. 3 依赖对“关系”的影响
29
5.4 依赖的调节作用
30
5.5 “关系”对第三方物流企业运营绩效的影响
30
第6章研宄结论
32
V
目录
6.1研宄结论与管理启示
32
6.1.1 研究结论
32
6. 1.2 管理启示
32
6. 2研宄不足与展望
33
参考文献 35
附录调查问卷
42
if
45
在读期间发表的学术论文与取得的其他研宄成果
46
VI
第1章绪论
第1章绪论
1.1研究背景
1.1.1现实背景
随着商业市场的不断整合,一体化的进程不断加快,贸易往来从地区性逐渐
向全球性过渡。交易范围持续扩张,交货周期不断缩短,为提供专业物流服务的
第三方物流行业的快速发展创造了有利的条件。随着第三方物流的重要作用曰益
凸显,越来越多的企业家们从中看到了机遇,不断加入到这一行业之中。根据中
国物流与采购联合会的研宄报告,最近几年我国第三方物流企业的数量呈现快速
发展的趋势,年均增速约达20% (张素勤,2016)。与此同时,越来越多的国外
大型专业第三方物流企业也开始进入中国市场(例如UPS、FedEX等),行业
竞争日益加剧
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