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G20改善公共环境数据可得性与可用性英文版

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文本描述
IMPROVING THE AVAILABILITY AND
USEFULNESS OF PUBLICLY AVAILABLE
ENVIRONMENTAL DATA FOR
FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
In support of the G20 Green Finance Study Group
July 2017
Improving the Availability and Usefulness of Publicly Available Environmental Data for Financial Analysis
This background paper has been prepared for the G20 Green Finance Study Group (GFSG) by
specialists from the Green Finance Committee of the China Society for Finance and Banking, UN
Environment Inquiry and the World Resources Institute, with inputs from 2 Degrees Investing
Initiative, Amundi, CDP, eRevalue, IPE, PRI, SynTao Green Finance, UBS, University of Cambridge
Institute for Sustainability Leadership, University of Hamburg, and Oxford University. The views
expressed in this paper are those of the authors and contributors, and do not necessarily represent
the views of the GFSG or their institutions.
Contact information of authors:
Ma Jun, People’s Bank of China and China Green Finance Committee,
mjun@pbc.gov, junmainhk@qq
Iain Henderson, UN Environment, iain.henderson@unenvironment
Sean Gilbert, World Resources Institute, sean.gilbert@wri
Cheng Lin, China Green Finance Committee, lin.cheng@greenfinance
Disclaimer: The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression
of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations Environment Programme concerning the legal status of any
country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Moreover, the
views expressed do not necessarily represent the decision or the stated policy of the United Nations Environment
Programme, nor does citing of trade names or commercial processes constitute endorsement.
Improving the Availability and Usefulness of Publicly Available Environmental Data for Financial Analysis
Contents
1. Context4
2. Why Environmental Data .. 5
3. Why PAED .... 6
4. Typology of Environmental Data for Financial Analysis ........... 8
5. Examples of Publicly Available Environmental Data ... 11
5.1. Scenarios of Climate Change and Projections on Natural Disaster Probabilities ......... 11
5.2. Forecasts of Energy Demand Shift ........ 13
5.3. Projections of Water Stress ........... 15
5.4. Costs of Air Pollution (and Benefits of Air Pollution Reduction) ... 18
5.5. Costs of Water Pollution (and Benefits of Water Pollution Reduction) ... 19
5.6. Costs of Land Contamination (and Benefits of Land Remediation) ......... 20
5.7. Data on Solar and Wind Resources ....... 22
5.8. Physical Asset (Facility) Level Data ......... 25
5.9. Green Technologies ........... 28
6. Gaps in Availability and Accessibility of Public Data ... 30
7. Options for Improving Publicly Available Environmental Data ........ 32
Appendix: Corporate Disclosures ........ 33
Improving the Availability and Usefulness of Publicly Available Environmental Data for Financial Analysis
1. Context
This background paper provides inputs to the G20 Green Finance Study Group (GFSG) that
considers options to improve the availability, accessibility and relevance of publicly available
environmental data (PAED) for the financial sector. In this paper, we define PAED as environmental
data that are reported by non-corporate entities, such as government agencies, international
organizations (IOs), non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and science institutes, and that are
useful for financial analysis. The focus of this study on public data is complementary to the subject
matter considered by the Financial Stability Board (FSB) Task Force on Climate-related Financial
Disclosures (TCFD). The TCFD has already devoted significant resources to studying how to improve
corporate-level financial disclosure of climate-related information. The GFSG work stream on PAED
will also be complementary to the study group’s research on Environmental Risk Analysis (ERA) in
2017, as public data are very important sources of information for financial institutions to conduct
risk analysis, in addition to information disclosed by corporates.
This background paper will first provide an overview of the types of environmental data that are
critical to green finance analysis, with a focus on public data; it will then present selected examples
of existing public data sources that are useful for evaluating financial risks and opportunities; it will
analyse the gaps in availability and accessibility of public data and will then conclude with a
discussion on options for improving the availability, accessibility and relevance of PAED. It should be
noted that the examples of the data sources (including projections and scenarios) quoted in this
paper are those of the authors of the original research reports, and do not reflect the views of the
GFSG or its members.
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