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CHINA BUSINESS CLIMATE SURVEY REPORT 中国商务环境调查报告 In partnership with 与贝恩公司合作编制 Th e A me ric an Ch am be r o f C om me rce in th e P eo ple ’s R ep ub lic of Ch ina Th e A me ric an Ch am be r o f C om me rce in th e P eo ple ’s R ep ub lic of Ch inaChairman&39;sMessage 2 主席致辞 Executive Summary 4 概述 Survey Demographics 12 受访者组成 Section I:2016 Performance Snapshot 15 第一部分:2016年业绩盘点 Section II: Business-Climate Challenges and Investment Outlook 20 第二部分:商务环境挑战和投资前景 Growth Outlook 21 增长展望 Investment Outlook and Business Challenges 24 投资展望和商业挑战 Regulatory Pressure 30 监管压力 HR Challenges 37 人力资源挑战 Section III: The Age of Adaptation 39 第三部分:适应形势 Growth Opportunities 40 增长机会 Innovation and IPR 43 创新和知识产权 HR Priorities 48 人力资源重点 Corporate Social Responsibility 50 企业社会责任 Section IV: Policy Perspectives 52 第三部分:政策视角 Bilateral Relations 53 双边关系 Policy and Enforcement 55 政策和执行 Table of Contents 目录As we were sifting through the results of this year’s survey, China reached an important milestone:15 years since it joined the World Trade Organization. As impressive as this achievement is, that China could join at all is no small miracle. The chamber lobbied hard on China’s behalf with the US government and legislators, sending multiple delegations each year to Washington, DC, to make the necessary deals. One delegation took several Chinese employees of member companies to tell lawmakers their own stories about why including China in the global economic trading system was so important. And indeed, China has benefited greatly from globalization, with its export-fueled boom helping lift the country to middle- income status. And AmCham China still steadfastly supports China’s active and constructive participation in the global economic system. However, it is becoming apparent that the benefits of globalization are being taken for granted, or even forgotten, as the challenges of managing a complex, modern economy increase. This is the 19th year that we’ve surveyed our members, half of whom are Chinese nationals working for around 900 companies hailing from not just the US, but also Europe, Australia, and other parts of Asia. Many of them have been active in China for many years–some indeed from the beginning of China’s opening and reform. And they all share the chamber’s strong support for China’s continued economic development. Nevertheless, certain unhealthy trends first identified a few years ago have now firmly established them- selves. A prime example, much quoted by the media, is the proportion of companies feeling less welcome than before, which is now eight in every 10. Why, in the fastest-growing major economy in the world, should they feel this way The reason is that, with the reform process seemingly stalled, the contradictions in a rapidly evolving economy are becoming more pronounced. For example, ever more laws are being passed, yet for the second year running, the No.1 challenge facing our members is unclear regulations and inconsistent enforcement, issues that should be getting better, not worse. We can also see that despite much fanfare over free-trade zones and tinkering with the Foreign Investment Catalogue, more companies say the investment environment is deteriorating rather than improving. And while the government promotes innovation, the law makes it increasingly difficult for information to flow and Chinese invention to spread overseas. In many areas of the economy that should be driving growth–from finance and insurance to logistics and healthcare–the handbrake of regulation is still firmly on. The resulting distortions in the economy benefit the few at the cost of the many, but it doesn’t have to be like this. Globalization doesn’t just mean export- ing and buying up foreign assets but also making sure that Chinese workers, private companies, farmers, and consumers benefit from dynamic, open markets for goods and services. With both the US and China undergoing political transitions, we hope the results of this survey can stimulate healthy debate over China’s future. William Zarit Chairman, AmCham China January 2017 Chairman’s Message主席致辞 就在我们审核本年度调查结果之际,中国也迎来了一个重要的时刻:加入世界贸易组织15周年
与之同样瞩目的是,中国最终能够加入世贸组织本身就是一个不小的成就。中国美国商会代表 中国不遗余力地游说美国政府和立法机构成员,每年都向华盛顿派遣几个代表团力争取得突破
有一个代表团还邀请了几位来自会员企业的中国员工向立法机构讲述自己的故事,阐明为何允 许中国加入全球经济贸易体系如此重要。确事实上,中国从全球化中获益良多,在其出口导向 型经济繁荣的帮助下,中国步入了中等收入国家行列
中国美国商会将继续坚定支持中国积极地并富有建设性地参与全球经济体系。然而,随着管理 一个现代化且复杂的经济增长体面临的挑战越来越多,中国显然认为全球化的好处是理所当然 的,或者甚至忘记了全球化给其带来的好处
今年是我们对会员企业开展调查的第十九年,有半数会员企业的成员属于中国籍,为来自美国 以及欧洲、澳洲和亚洲其他国家和地区的900多家企业工作。很多会员企业多年以来一直在华 积极开展业务经营,最早甚至可以追溯至中国改革开放之初。他们与商会一样,都大力支持中 国继续保持经济发展
但是,几年前一些不好的苗头现已成形。例如,正如媒体经常报道的,感觉不如以往受欢迎 的企业比例现已达到百分之八十。在中国这样一个经济快速增长的大国,他们有这样的感觉 应该吗? 原因是,中国改革进程似乎停滞不前,经济快速发展中的潜在矛盾正在日益凸显
例如,中国制定或修订了更多的法律法规,然而,法律法规的不清晰和执行不一致却在第二年 成为会员企业要面对的首要挑战,这类问题本应有所改善,而非继续恶化。我们也注意到,虽 然中国政府大力宣扬自由贸易区和外商企业投资目录,但是,有更多的企业表示投资环境没有 改善,反而变得更糟。虽然中国政府鼓励创新,法律法规却增加了信息流动以及中国发明向海 外转移的难度
很多经济领域,从金融保险到物流和医疗,本应推动增长,却受制于严格的监管。由此造成的 经济扭曲通过牺牲众人的利益使得少数人获益,这种情况本不应该出现。全球化并非单纯出口 和购买海外资产,还需要确保中国的工人、私营企业、农民和消费者能够从开放活跃的货物和 服务市场中获益。鉴于中美两国领导班子都在经历过渡时期,我们希望这些调查结果能够推动 对中国未来前景展开有益的讨论
中国美国商会主席 蔡瑞德 2017年1月
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