在就业压力大，创业收入高，国家扶持政策优厚的多重因素影响下，大学生创业热情高
涨。但大学毕业生由于其自身能力缺乏以及经验不足等原因，创业难度大，成功率低。因此，
对大学毕业生创业所需的胜任素质进行探究，更能够为大学毕业生创业提供指导，帮助其评
估及提升自身的能力与素质。

本研究在对胜任素质、创业胜任素质以及创业绩效相关理论及研究进行回顾的基础上，
运用理论分析、行为事件访谈法、问卷调查等方法，对选择创业的大学毕业生进行调查，提
取了大学毕业生创业的胜任素质要素，通过探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析等方法构建了
创业型大学毕业生胜任素质模型并验证。并进一步分析创业型大学毕业生胜任素质和创业绩
效的关系，研究创业型大学毕业生胜任素质的影响因素。

根据研究得出，创业型大学毕业生胜任素质分为七个维度：机会胜任素质、关系胜任素
质、战略胜任素质、组织胜任素质、承诺胜任素质、概念胜任素质及自主学习胜任素质。并
发现创业绩效的创业型大学毕业生胜任素质的七个维度与创业绩效的三个维度均存在正向的
相关性。机会、关系、承诺以及自主学习因素对于声誉绩效存在显著的正向影响；机会、关
系、战略以及自主学习因素对于生存绩效具有显著的正向影响；机会、关系、组织以及自主
学习对于成长绩效具有显著的正向影响。通过对创业型大学毕业生胜任素质的影响因素研究
发现：不同性别的创业型大学毕业生在胜任素质上的差异均不显著；毕业后直接创业和不直
接创业的创业型大学毕业生在胜任素质上的差异均不显著；而教育程度、接受训练类别的不
同以及所学专业类别对于创业型大学毕业生胜任素质存在影响。

本研究对大学毕业生的创业胜任素质模型进行构建，并深入创业胜任素质和创业绩效的
关系研究，扩展了创业胜任素质的研究领域，丰富了创业胜任素质研究的理论体系。研究结
果对于有意向创业的大学毕业生以及高校创业课程的开展都具有指导意义。

关键词: 大学毕业生，创业，胜任素质，创业胜任素质，创业绩效II
Abstract
Entrepreneurial competence is the knowledge and skills that entrepreneurs need to succeed in
starting a business. Entrepreneurs&39; entrepreneurial competence plays an important role in the
success of entrepreneurship, and more and more scholars pay close attention to it.
Under the influence of multiple factors, such as the high employment pressure, the high
income of entrepreneurship, and the favorable policy of state support, the enthusiasm of College
students increased. However, due to the lack of their own ability and lack of experience and other
reasons, college graduates are difficult to start a business, and the success rate is low. Therefore, it is
necessary to carry out research on college graduates&39; entrepreneurship, especially to explore the
competency required for college graduates to start their own businesses, and to provide guidance for
college graduates to help them assess and enhance their abilities and qualities.
Based on the review of relevant theories and research on competency, entrepreneurial
competency and entrepreneurial performance, this study investigates college graduates who choose
to start their own business by means of theoretical analysis, behavioral event interview and
questionnaire survey, to extract the characteristics of college graduates&39; entrepreneurial competency
elements. Through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, the college
graduates&39; entrepreneurial competency model is conducted and verified. Furthermore, the
relationship between entrepreneurial competence and entrepreneurial performance is analyzed, and
the influencing factors of college graduates&39; entrepreneurial competence are studied.
Based on the study, the college graduates&39; entrepreneurial competency is divided into seven
dimensions: opportunity competency, relationship competency, strategic competency, organizing
competency, commitment competency, conceptual competency and autonomous learning
competence. It is also found that there is positive correlation between the seven dimensions of
entrepreneurial competency and three dimensions of entrepreneurial performance. Opportunity,
relationship, strategic, and autonomous learning factors have a significant positive impact on the
performance of reputation, while the factors of opportunity, relationship, commitment and
autonomous learning have significant positive effects on survival performance. Opportunity,
relationship, organizing, and autonomous learning have a significant positive impact on growth
performance. After researching the influencing factors of college graduates&39; entrepreneurialIII
competence, it is found: the difference of competency among the entrepreneurial college graduates
from different gender is not significant; after graduation, direct entrepreneurial and non-direct
entrepreneurial college graduates are not significantly different in competency; while the
educational level, the different training types and the professional categories have an impact on the
entrepreneurial competence of college graduates.
In this dissertation, the model of college graduates&39; entrepreneurial competency is constructed
and the relationship between the entrepreneurial competency and entrepreneurial performance is
deeply analyzed. It expands the research field of entrepreneurial competency, and enriches the
theoretical system of entrepreneurial competency. The results of the study are of great significance
to the development of college graduates and entrepreneurship courses.
Key words: college graduates, entrepreneurship, competency, entrepreneurial competency,
entrepreneurial performanceIV
目录
第一章 绪论...... 1
1.1 研究背景 . 1
1.2 研究意义 . 2
1.3 研究思路和方法 ....... 3
1.4 论文内容框架 ......... 4
第二章 文献综述.. 6
2.1 胜任素质 . 6
2.2 创业胜任素质 ......... 9
2.3 大学生创业胜任素质 .. 12
2.4 创业绩效15
2.5 本章小结18
第三章 创业型大学毕业生胜任素质模型提出 . 19
3.1 我国大学毕业生创业发展概况 ...... 19
3.1.1 大学毕业生创业现状 ....... 19
3.1.2 面临的主要困难及原因 ..... 20
3.2 备选胜任素质要素库构建 .......... 21
3.2.1 文献分析提取 . 21
3.2.2 行为事件访谈分析 ......... 22
3.3 概念模型与研究假设 .. 26
3.3.1 概念模型提出 . 26
3.3.2 研究假设 ..... 27
3.4 本章小结 ........... 29
第四章 实证研究设计与数据分析 ........... 30
4.1 量表设计与调查 ...... 30
4.2 样本描述30
4.3 问卷信效度分析 ...... 32
4.3.1 调查问卷的信度分析 ....... 32
4.3.2 调查问卷的效度分析 ....... 32
4.4 创业型大学毕业生素质与创业绩效的关系分析 ......