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摘要
昆明长水国际机场始建于 2007 年，于 2012 年 6 月 28 日全面运营。机场位
于云南省昆明市官渡区长水村，距市区约 24 公里。昆明长水国际机场的前身是
昆明巫家坝机场，继承了原巫家坝机场所有航线网络，并将在原有航线网络的
基础上进一步拓展。目前，长水国际机场开通航线 319 条。其中，国内航线 275
条，国际航线 38 条，地区航线 6 条；通航城市 118 个，其中国内城市 89 个，
地区城市 3 个，国际城市 26 个。长水国际机场已经成为中国面向东南亚、南亚，
连接欧洲、北美洲、澳洲及非洲的重要门户机场。

昆明长水国际机场作为云南省唯一的枢纽机场，其发展愿景是成为我国西
南地区重要的门户枢纽机场。门户枢纽机场是一个国家或地区的大型枢纽机场
中进出边境的定期航班首先到达及最后离开的机场，其包括三个层面的含义：
第一，门户枢纽机场一定是大型枢纽机场；第二，门户枢纽机场是国际航班的
起讫点；第三，门户枢纽机场是强调中转功能的枢纽机场。因此，门户枢纽机
场是最国际化的、层次更高的枢纽机场，是国际社会通过航空方式交往的门户
和口岸。

本文的目的在于为其门户枢纽机场的愿景进行全面的分析，提出完整的战
略管理框架，即总体战略、竞争战略和职能战略。本文的框架逻辑安排如下：
首先分析了长水国际机场所在行业的宏观经济环境和行业环境，接下来用
SWOT 分析法对长水机场外部环境的机遇威胁、内部能力的优势劣势进行了深入
分析，为其制订了公司的总体发展战略。接下来，本文制订了竞争战略层面的
三大备选方案，成本领先战略、差异化战略和集中化战略。并依据长水国际机
场的发展愿景与能力进行了选择。在职能战略层面，本文提出长水国际机场所
应采取的运营战略、财务战略和人力资源战略。最后，为战略的成功实施提出
必要的保障策略。

关键词：门户枢纽机场；战略管理；SWOT 分析
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Abstract
Kunming Changshui international airport was founded in 2007, on June 28, 2012,
the comprehensive operation. The airport in Kunming, Yunnan province is located in
guandu district water village, about 24 km away from downtown. Kunming
Changshui international airport, formerly Kunming Wujiaba airport, all inherited the
original Wujiaba airport route network, and will further expand on the basis of the
original network. Currently, the Changshui international airport opening route 319.
Among them, 275 domestic routes and international routes and 38, six regional routes;
Navigable city in 118, of which 89 domestic cities, three regional cities, 26
international city. Changshui international airport has become China facing southeast
Asia, South Asia, connecting Europe, North America, Australia and Africa important
portal of the airport.
Kunming Changshui international airport as the only hub airport in yunnan
province, its development vision is to become China's important gateway hub airports
in southwest China. Gateway hub airport is a country or a region of the large hub
airports in and out border regular flight arrive first and the last to leave the airport,
which include three levels of meanings: first, the portal must be a large hub airport
hub airport; Second, the gateway hub airport, international flights and end point;
Third, the portal is emphasis on transit hub airport hub airport. Gateway hub airport,
therefore, is the most internationalized and has higher levels of hub airport, the
international community portal and port of communication by air way.
The purpose of this article is for the gateway hub airport vision to conduct a
comprehensive analysis, put forward a complete strategic management framework,
the overall strategy, competitive strategy and functional strategy. In this paper, the
framework of logical arrangement is as follows:
First analyzed the Changshui international airport industry of macroeconomic
environment and industry environment, then use the SWOT analysis method of
Changshui airport opportunity threat in the external environment, the article analyzes