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全球价值链下我国制造业企业技术升级研究_MBA论文(57页).rar

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文本描述
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摘 要
20 世纪 90 年代以来,体现资源全球整合和利用效率的国际分工模式发生了剧
变。随着竞争的加剧,越来越多的跨国企业难以凭借一己之力在竞争中取胜。为
了有效应对竞争,跨国企业不得不调整战略,对一些低附加值的加工组装工作进
行外包,同时对代表核心竞争力的高附加值环节如研发、品牌、服务、营销等进
行严格控制。而全球价值链则对这种分工模式进行了很好的诠释。全球价值链整
合的意义在于:(1)价值链上各企业的比较优势得以充分发挥;(2)在对非核心
环节和业务进行外包后,企业更易专注于自身核心环节的开发和核心业务的拓展。

而发展中国家丰富的资源、廉价的劳动力及其迫切发展经济的愿望无疑为发达国
家跨国企业实行外包业务提供了便利。因此,发达国家对盈利能力低、资源消耗
高的制造加工业实行外包,而其自身则主要从事研发和品牌营销等活动以攫取高
额垄断利润与经济租,从而实现对发展中国家的经济控制。

随着嵌入全球价值链的广度和深度的不断扩展,我国制造业企业获得了巨大
发展,在全球经济中也扮演着越来越重要的角色。然而,同时我们也应清楚地看
到,我国制造业企业仍处在全球价值链的最底端,技术突围是一项我们一直在努
力而成效甚微的工作。如何解释这一现象以及怎样解决这一问题一直是中外学者
讨论的热点。本文从中外学者的相关研究入手,通过相关理论和现状分析,运用
实证检验的方式,探讨了我国制造业企业在全球价值链下的技术升级问题。

在理论分析方面,本文从国际分工理论入手,探讨全球价值链的形成过程与
企业技术升级的必要性,随后在对全球价值链相关理论进行探讨的基础上得出全
球价值链分工的特点,并分析了全球价值链下我国制造业企业的升级路径问题;
在现状分析方面,本文通过 RCA 指数、IIT 指数以及 VAR 等数据得出了我国制造
业企业的发展现状及其在全球价值链中所处的地位,并对这种“低位徘徊”进行了
相关分析;在实证检验上,本文运用我国大陆地区 31 个省市 2008-2012 年的面板
数据对金融危机后我国制造业企业在全球价值链下的技术升级问题进行了探讨;
最后在对实证结论进行总结的基础上给出了相关的对策建议。

关键词:全球价值链;技术升级;制造业企业;创新;制度i i
ABSTRACT
Since 1990s, the mode of international division of labor, which reflects the
integration and utilization efficiency of global resources, has changed significantly.
With the rising of competence, more and more multinational enterprises find that it’s
hard to keep their dominant position in it. In order to respond to the competition
efficiently, they have to adjust their strategy, such as outsourcing some low value
added processing assembly activities, and at the same time, they control those high
value added activities which on behalf of their core competence strictly, such as
research and development, branding, service and marketing. And Global value chain
provides a great interpretation of the mode of international division of labor, for the
meaning of the integration of global value chain is that: (1) every enterprise in the
value chain can play their comparative advantages well; and (2) they can pay more
attention to the development of their core link and the expansion of their core business
after the outsourcing of non-core link and business. Meanwhile, the abundant resources,
cheap labor and strong desire of developing economy in developing countries provides
convenience to the outsourcing business of developed countries’ multinational
enterprises. Thus, multinational enterprises outsource those low profitability and high
resource consumption manufacturing activities, and engage in R&D, branding, and
marketing so that high monopoly profits and economic rent are seized. Generally
speaking, developed economies can control developing economies easily through this
way.
With the expansion of breadth and depth of embedding global value chains,
China’s manufacture enterprises have obtained huge development and played more and
more important roles in global economy. However, one thing we have to realize is that
our manufacture enterprises is still at the bottom of the global value chain. Thus,
technology breakthrough has become a job that we have tried our best but fruitless.
Therefore, how to explain such phenomenon and solve this problem have been the
focuses of Chinese and foreign scholars. Starting from the past literature, this paper
discusses our manufacture enterprises’ technological upgrading in the context of
global value chain by theoretical research, current situation analysis and empirical test.