摘要
酒店是大型公共建筑中能耗较高的建筑之一,具有巨大的节能潜力和社会示
范效应。中央空调系统又是酒店的主要能耗设备,因其设计和运行中存在着大量
的管理与控制一体化问题,亟待进行改造与优化。如何进一步提升中央空调系统
的能效,是酒店行业节能增效的重要方面。

从管理节能方面,分析了香格里拉酒店集团领先于行业内其他集团的管理节
能措施,培训并指引员工:主要从开关控制节能,温度设定节能,以及关键提升
绿色节能环保意识培养的重要性;上至管理层下至员工层,都能认真贯彻节能管
理;让节能成为一种习惯。

从技术节能方面,分析了酒店中央空调系统节能设计和节能控制的基本思路
与方法。结合酒店工作实例,剖析了香格里拉酒店集团先进的空调节能技术。(1)
针对北方气候的特点,采用热水系统水温控制、动态调控过渡季节起止点,并在
过渡季节只使用新风降温,减少制冷功耗,可实现节能5%。(2)变频技术在中央空
调系统中对水泵和风机的节能起到支撑作用;PID控制对于空调水泵和循环泵中水
压、温度等被控参数的精准而言,是一种适用有效的控制方法;(3)采用变频器合
理调节中央空调的转速,对系统的起动特性和运行特性起到了很大的改善;频率
下调后,电机避免了长期高速的运行,有效地延长了电机和机组的寿命,达到了
高效运行,节约能源的目。通过对实际数据进行分析统计,系统在安装变频运行
后,节能率约为13%左右。

在技术改造的同时,提出了管理节能,二者相互结合,进一步达到了节能的
目的,同时对酒店行业节能技术的应用与推广有良好借鉴作用。

关键词:大型酒店;管理节能;中央空调;节能控制;变频
ABSTRACT
The hotel is one of the energy consumption of large public buildings, which has
tremendous potential for energy saving and social demonstration effect. Central air
conditioning system is the main energy consumption equipment of the hotel, because of
the technical problems and management problems existed in its design and operation, it
need to be reformed and strengthen management, optimization. How to improve tihe
energy efficiency of central air conditioning system, is the current urgent problems in
the field of building energy saving in hotel industry.
In this paper, combined with the hotel working examples,from the management of
energy saving, introduces the management of energy-saving measures Shangri-La Hotel
group ahead of the other group, training and guide staff: from which energy saving, how
to save energy, and the importance of skills; from the management to staff,can
earnestly carry out energy-saving management; make energy saving has become a habit.
From the energy-saving technology,expounds the basic ideas and methods of the
hotel central air-conditioning system energy-saving design and energy saving control.
Combined with the hotel working examples, introduces the air-conditioning energy
saving technology Shangri-La Hotel group advanced. According to the ch^acteristics of
the northern climate,with hot water temperature control and use of fresh air cooling
measures, during the transition season proved to energy saving and environmental
protection, the role of good; focus on the analysis of the application of energy saving
technology of frequency conversion water pump in central air conditioning system and
fan. For air conditioning water pump and circulating pump of hydraulic pressure control,
temperature control, send (row) fan link,the PID control is a simple and effective
control method; frequency converter adjusting central air speed, to the great
improvement of starting performance and operating characteristics of the system;
frequency after the cut, avoids the motor a long high-speed operation, effectively
prolongs the motor and the life of unit, high efficiency operation, saving energy. Based
on the actual data dialysis and statistics,system installed in the variable frequency
operation, energy-saving rate is about 18%, visible, frequency conversion technology to
great effect on energy saving.
While in the technological transformation proposed energy conservation, both
combined with each other to further achieve energy-saving purposes, while the hotel
industry, application and promotion of energy-saving technologies have a good
reference.
Key Words: Large Hotel; Management Energy Saving; Central Air-conditioning;
Energy Saving Control; Inverter
第1章绪论
1.1课题背景介绍
能源问题是当今世界各国普遍重视旳问题,被公认为人类面临的四大生存问题之
一。自上世纪70年代发生全球性能源危机后,各国政府和各能源组织对全球能源的利
用情况和能耗结构进行了全面的实事求是的分析,指出建筑能耗是能源消耗重要的组成
部分。各国政府在建筑设计和施工、新型建筑节能减排技术的开发、建筑节能法规的制
定和实施等各方面都做了大量的工作,不仅改善了环境,也节省了大量的能源,取得了
可观的经济效益。我国的建筑节能工作在上世纪90年代开始启动,随着我国的经济发
展,居民平均生活水平的显著提高,全国大型高层建筑能耗呈稳步上升的趋势,急剧增
大了我国的能源压力,制约着国民经济的可持续发展,因此降低建筑能源消耗已经刻不
容缓。

随着我国城市化进程的加快,许多作为城市重要标志的大型公共建筑陆续在各地兴
起,种种“标志性建筑”和“形象工程”不断出现。显然,建设城市所必须的大型公共
建筑,已成为一个不可避免的现实问题。

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酒店是大型公共建筑中能耗较高的建筑之一,具有巨大的节能潜力和社会示范效
应。酒店能源消耗既是成本问题也是环境问题,与发达国家比较,我国酒店的能耗指标
明显偏高。在酒店的能源消费构成中,电力消费约占总能耗的5575%,是酒店最主
要的能源。目前,我国2.2万家星级饭店全年用电高达278亿kWh,占全社会全年用电
的0.78%;全年用水14.8亿吨,占全社会全年用水的0.26%。按照未来5年内新增1万
家星级饭店的预计,到2018年我国3万余家星级饭店全年用电量将达到338亿kWh,
全年用水量达到17.8亿吨[18]。从酒店运营角度看,我国酒店能源费用的支出己达到营
业费用的815%,而国际水平则仅为68%[21],节能减排、降低成本负担成为酒店提
高核心竞争力、完善自身发展的关键因素。因此,酒店行业已经成为不可忽视的节能领
域,蕴藏着巨大的节能潜力。