所谓装配制造业包括重工业和轻工业,重工业包括汽车制造、装备制造业
等；轻工业包括家电、电子、小型机械制造等。白色家电制造业，经过无数次
的竞争洗牌，现在留下来的家电巨头无疑都有辉煌的业绩，但在装配制造业中，
尤其进入门槛低的特定。汽车制造业属于人类社会化分工后，产业复杂度集成
度最高的产业，但其产业链特点中最重要的一条是缺乏竞争。装备制造业与家
电业、汽车业的本质区别在于其基本无法实现大批量化生产，其订单式、唯一
式的生产模式又有着与其他装配制造业的区别。

在这三类典型的核心企业都是以装配为主要生产模式，承接上下游企业的
工厂，在产业链中居于核心支配地位，故此名曰总装厂、装配厂、总厂、合成
厂等。为其生产过程零件、部件的一般称之为供应商、配套商、协作商、加工
商等。一级供应商也叫直接供应商或者一次供应商，随着社会分工的逐步细化，
供应商管理的重要性不言而喻，尤其是在那些复杂大型产品、重型装备产品、
高技术产品中。大型总装厂，其供应商分门别类：数百种类型、上千家供应商、
几十万种零件。如何对众多特征各异的供应商进行管理和协调，成为总装厂物
资供应任务能否顺利完成的重要考量点，也决定着总装厂如何管控自身产业链
的核心问题。

总装厂相对应供应商而言，一般是处于支配地位的。对核心一级供应商的
管理关系到总装厂自身发展及供应链的稳定，对其监控和扶持既是对自身发展
的维持也是对整个产业群的提升。对一级供应商的管理可以不断优化供应渠道，
确保采购物资的质量和及时供应，降低供应的直接成本。绝大多数总装厂都希II
望扩大自己的控制范围，甚至希望缔造由自己管辖的企业帝国。

本文通过浅析典型装配制造业中，核心的一级供应商在行业、供应链中的
作用，以及其如何影响产业链；将核心一级供应商从装配制造业诸多种类供应
商、不同层级的供应商中单独分化出来，单独探讨，并加以分析。反过来给总
装厂提供一种管理思路，来探讨总装厂和一级供应商如何协作共同实现产业利
益最大化。以分类视角分别研究此类关系管理问题，透视管理中的利益关系状
态，实现对不同类别的供应商有针对性、有侧重点的分析与管理，为总装厂管
理供应商体系提出全面思路和方法。

关键词：
装配制造业，总装厂，一级供应商III
Abstract
Relationship Management of Assembly plant And Its Tier Suppliers
Assembly manufacturing forms of socialized production industry, the paper
focuses on the typical assembly manufacturing assembly plant how to manage and
deal with the core tier suppliers.
The so-called assembly manufacturing industry, including heavy and light
industries, heavy industries, including automobile manufacturing, equipment
manufacturing industry; Light Industry, including home appliances, electronics, small
machinery manufacturing. White goods manufacturing industry reshuffle after
numerous competition now survive appliance giant undoubtedly has brilliant
performance, but in the assembly manufacturing industry, in particular, low barriers
to entry specific. Belong to human social division of labor, the automobile
manufacturing industry complexity of most integrated industry, but the most
important characteristics of the industry chain a lack of competition. Essential
difference of the equipment manufacturing industry and the appliance industry, the
automotive industry in its basic cannot achieve a large number of quantitative
production, its order type, the only type of production model also has the distinction
with other assembly manufacturing.
In these three typical core businesses are the main mode of production, assembly
factories upstream and downstream enterprises to undertake the core of dominant
position in the industry chain, therefore Dubbed the assembly plant, assembly plant,
plant, synthetic plants and so on. Their parts, components of the production process is
generally called the supplier, supporting business, collaboration, processors, etc. A
supplier called direct suppliers or suppliers once, with the gradual refinement of the
social division of labor, the importance of supplier management is self-evident,
especially in large and complex products, heavy equipment, and high-tech products.IV
Large assembly plant, its supplier’s different categories: hundreds of types, thousands
of suppliers, hundreds of thousands of parts. How management and coordination of
the many features of different suppliers, assembly plant materials supply mission
success important consideration, but also determines the assembly plant how to
control the core issues of the industry chain.
Assembly plant corresponds to the suppliers; the general is in a dominant
position. Core tier suppliers related to the assembly plant development and the
stability of the supply chain, enhance its monitoring and support both to maintain its
own development, but also the entire industry group. Management of a supplier can
constantly optimize the supply channel, to ensure the quality and timely supply of the
procurement of goods, reduce the direct costs of the supply. The vast majorities of the
assembly plants are hoping to expand the scope of their control, or even want to
create a corporate empire governed by their own.
In this paper, Analysis of a typical assembly manufacturing industry, the core tier
suppliers in the industry, the supply chain, as well as its impact industrial chain; core
tier suppliers from the assembly of many types of manufacturing suppliers, different
levels of vendor differentiation in separate, individually explore and analyze. Turn to
the assembly plant to provide a management ideas, to explore how the assembly plant
and a supplier collaboration to maximize industry interests. Study such relations
management problem classification perspective, the perspective of state interest in the
management and suppliers of different types of targeted, the focus of the analysis and
management of comprehensive ideas and methods for the assembly plant
management supplier system .
key words：
Assembly manufacturing, assembly plant, Tier SuppliersV
目 录
摘 要......I
ABSTRACT ......... III
引 言.... 1
第 1 章 典型装配制造业的采购......... 2
1.1 不同类型的装配制造业 .... 2
1.2 典型白色家电制造业 ........ 2
1.3 典型汽车制造业 .... 4
1.4 典型装备制造业 .... 8
第 2 章 总装厂与零部件供应商的关系....... 10
2.1 供应商分类 .......... 10
2.2 总装厂与供应商间的问题 .......... 11
2.3 企业内部的车间与供应商的区别 .......... 13
2.4 一级供应商与二级供应商的关系 .......... 15
第 3 章 一级供应商在产业链中的作用....... 16
3.1 总装厂在产业链中的定位 .......... 16
3.2 如何在产业链中为一级供应商定位...... 21
3.3 关键零部件供应商影响总装厂 .. 22VI
3.4 核心一级供应商如何影响产业链 .......... 23
第 4 章 总装厂对一级供应商的管理........... 25
4.1 总装厂从技术支持角度的供应商管理.. 25
4.2 核心一级供应商的评价标准 ...... 27
4.3 引入与替换战略供应商 .. 31
4.4 监控与管理一级供应商 .. 33
4.5 政策性倾斜与战略扶持管理 ...... 34
4.6 管理及扶持核心一级供应商 ...... 35
结 论 .... 38
参考文献 .......... 40
致 谢... 421