摘 要
电力作为支撑国民经济发展的基础性产业，在保障经济社会健康运行中处于
十分重要的地位，同时电力能源作为一种清洁能源，是国家整体能源战略的重要
组成部分。作为实现工业、农业、交通运输、国防现代化的主要动力，电力行业
成为促进国民经济发展，实现四个现代化的重要物质技术基础。鉴于此，在火电
占电力总装机容量 70%以上的情况下，火电企业承担着更多的保障国民经济健康
发展的社会责任。因此，无论煤电价格倒挂到何等程度，没有边际效益的火电企
业也尽力保证充足的电能供应。特别是近年来，在电力供应日趋紧张的情况下，
为满足工农业生产和城乡居民用电需求，以及在雨雪冰冻灾害、“5.12”大地震、
北京奥运会、上海世博会、国庆 60 周年、建党 90 周年等一个个重大事件中，火
电企业总是坚决服从电网调度安排，不计得失全力保电，担当起中国能源安全保
障的职责。但毋庸置疑，火电企业在考虑社会效益的同时只能承受短期亏损及长
期的无利润运作，因此，未来火电企业的发展面临重大挑战。2003 年 3 月，国
务院正式批准的《电力体制改革方案》明确了未来电力企业战略管理的方向，无
论对大型发电厂还是仍处于发展阶段的中小型发电厂都应将企业生产运行管理
的重心放在如何优化企业成本管理，提升企业竞争力的目标之上。

本文首先介绍了发电厂的类型和发电厂的生产运行管理模式，其次阐述了精
细化管理的概念、内涵和方法，最后介绍了本文的研究理论基础，包括作业成本
法、价值链分析法和德尔菲法的概念以及相应的特征与运用。然后分别阐述了火
力发电厂的安全生产精细化管理、成本管理和煤耗管理中的现状与问题。最后提
出了加强电力安全生产管理的对策，主要包括进行全员安全教育培训、建立健全
安全责任机制和全面推进现场标准化作业，杜绝习惯性违章等建议；然后是实行
成本管理的对策，主要包括由降低成本向成本和效益的最优结合转变、全面树立
以人为本的成本控制、建立以成本管理为核心的全面预算管理体系和优化燃料采
购，调整进煤结构等建议；最后是降低煤耗的对策，主要包括了德尔菲在制定煤
耗中的应用和相关的降低煤耗的建议。

关键词：
火力发电厂，安全生产管理，成本管理，煤耗管理
Abstract
Electric power, as the fundamental industry of supporting domestic economic
development, plays a significant role in maintaining healthy operation of economy
and society. At the same time, as a clean energy, the development of electric energy is
considered as a critically important national energy strategy in general. In addition, as
the main driving power for achieving industrialization, agricultural and public
transportation development and modernization of national defense construction,
electric power industry becomes an important material and technology foundation for
improving the domestic economic development. In light of this, coal-fired power
enterprises undertake more social responsibilities for maintaining national economic
development in the thermal power accounted for more than 70% of the total installed
capacity of power situation. Therefore, no matter how inverted the prices between
coal and electricity, thermal power enterprises still try their best to ensure sufficient
supply of electricity, even without marginal profit. Especially these years, under the
circumstances of increasingly nervous supply of electric power, in order to satisfy the
power demand of industrial and agricultural production and urban and rural power
demand, thermal power enterprises was always resolutely obey power grid scheduling
arrangement from upper governance order, without considering losses, being
responsible for the security of national energy. However, there is no doubt that
thermal power plants have to endure not only short-term loss but also long-term no
profit status, if continuing being liable for social benefit. Therefore, the future
development of electric power industry confronts serious challenges. In the March of
2003, the State Council officially approved the power system reform plan, which
clarified the future reforming trend of electric enterprise strategic management. No
matter the size of thermal power businesses, they all should exert more concentration
on how to optimize business 。。。