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SAP初学者指南(pdf 54).rar

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初学者 SAP
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更新时间:2016/11/17(发布于上海)

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Doc#: S-010328-BAS-TT-2.001-1 Lesson 1: SAP TERMINOLOGY SAP terminology along with classic financial terminology is used for business at MIT.The terminology presented in this lesson is used frequently both in this self-study and in financial communications at MIT. OBJECTIVES In this lesson you will become familiar with basic SAP terminology. At the completion of this lesson you will be able to: Recognize some with system-specific language Differentiate between a Cost Center, Internal Order and WBS Element Distinguish between Master and Transactional data. ! Note: SAP financial terminology is based on general accounting functions.If you do not have an accounting background, it is recommended that you attend the Accounting Fundamentals course prior to taking Basic Skills. SUMMARY OF BUSINESS RULES None 1-2Doc#: S-010328-BAS-TT-2.00 Doc#: S-010328-BAS-TT-2.001-3 !!!!GETTING STARTED Below is some SAP terminology that will be used throughout this training. Additional terminology may be introduced in subsequent lessons as needed. Environment:A completely self-contained version of the SAP database, designated for a specific purpose.A Production environment contains live, real-time data while a non-production environment such as the practice environment holds valid, but not real-time data, and is be used for learning examples.Separate environments do not exchange information.If you enter data into one environment, you will not be able to see that information in another environment GUI:Graphical User Interface. The SAPgui is the software on your computer or local server that allows you to connect to one or more of the SAP environments. Master Data:Master data is a collection of information about a person or an object, e.g. a cost object, vendor, or G/L account.For example, a vendor master record contains not only general information such as the vendor’s name and address, but also specific information, such as payment terms and delivery instructions. Generally for endusers, master data is reference data that you will look up and use, but not create or change. Material Group:Material Groups are codes that classify goods and services by commodity or service type and are used by the Procurement Office for reporting purposes. For example, desks belong to the material group 1920 Furniture and Furnishings . User Profile:The collection of authorizations a user or set of users has been granted in order to perform transactions related to their jobs.For example, someone designated as a requisitioner might only have the ability to create and change, but not approve, requisitions. Transactional Data:Transactional data is data related to a single business event such as a purchase requisition or a request for payment. When you create a requisition, for example, SAP creates an electronic document for that particular transaction. SAP gives the transaction a document number and adds the document to the transaction data that is already in the system. Whenever you complete a transaction in SAP, that is, when you create, change, or print a document in SAP, this document number appears at the bottom of the screen. 1-4Doc#: S-010328-BAS-TT-2.00 Transaction Code:A unique command that tells the location of a system task. A transaction code may contain letters only or a combination of letters and numbers.For example, the transaction code for Display Purchase Requisition is ME53. Workflow:A routing tool in SAP that forwards documents for review or approval. For example, a requisition that needs to be approved is sent to the appropriate approver's inbox. Workflow is also used to route journal vouchers, credit card charges, and other documents in SAP. Cost Object:A Cost Object collects expenses and revenues for a particular purpose, such as a research project.In SAP there are three types of cost objects: Cost Center, Internal Order, and WBS (Work Breakdown Structure) Element ( see below for definition ). Cost Center:General or operating Cost Objects are known in SAP as Cost Centers. Cost Centers are budgeted on the fiscal year. Internal Order:A non-sponsored Cost Object (for example, funding from the MIT Provost) used to track costs over periods other than fiscal years. Internal Orders are often created to track gifts or endowments at MIT. WBS Element:WBS Elements are funded by outside sponsors and are used to track costs of a particular research project over the entire span of its activity.They may also be created to track other sponsored activities, such as gifts. G/L Account:G/L accounts are also called Cost Elements in SAP. They are a classification by expense or revenue type. In the CO (Controlling) module of SAP, the term Cost Element is used. In the FI (Financial) module, the term G/L Account is used. These terms are used interchangeably for reporting, requisitions, and journal vouchers. For a more detailed glossary of financial terminology used at MIT see the Glossary at http://web.mit/sapr3/docs/.